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- W4221009851 abstract "• Although microalgae biomass is one of the few plant-based protein sources that is on a par with fishmeal with regards to their protein contents, the amount of lipids necessary for feed formulation can easily be met by conventional vegetable sources such as soybean. • Microalgae biomass feedstock can be considered one of the rarest plant-based sources of valuable essential fatty acids including ALA and linoleic acid that do not compete directly with food materials for human and have the inimitable characteristic that allow it to be manipulated into yielding higher level of EFA. • The typical amount of valuable carbohydrate in grams per 100 g of Spirulina powder is 17.8 g, which is less than half the amount required for a standard feed formulation. Nontheless, Spirulina contains meso‑inositol phosphate at a rare and inimitable level compared to other sources from both plant and animals. • Microalgae ( Spirulina ) level of valuable vitamins and minerals is on a par with animal and other plant sources. Moreover, its rare p and ca contents gives it the unique feature to remove minerals from animal bones and/or other calcified tissues. In the same vein, microalgae contain inimitable level of vitamin B12 which could serve as a source of competitive advantage compared to traditional feed ingredients. • The potential of using microalgae biomass to; advance animal waste management and subsequently improve sanitation in animal production as well as to; lower atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 are central to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, recognising the importance of “strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards”. These sustainability dimensions and environmental benefits of growing microalgae for feed could have a positive effect on competitive advantage of feed products. This research aims to discuss a theoretical model for assessing whether the inclusion of microalgae-based feedstock into the heterogeneous resources of the livestock feed industry could help gain potential sustained competitive advantage (SCA). Microalgae refer to a large group of photosynthetic, aquatic organisms that lack the true roots, stems, and leaves of higher plants. The VRIN - value, rarity, imitability and/or not have substitutes framework is used to investigate whether microalgae feedstock could be of strategic relevance and a potential source of competitive parity, temporary and/or sustained competitive advantages, as well as superior economic performance in the feed market. If microalgae feedstock adds nutritional value to animal diets, they may provide competitive parity. If their nutritional properties are difficult to imitate and rare , they may provide temporary or sustained competitive advantage given that the organizations within the feed industry are organised in such a way that they could effectively and efficiently exploit the biomass and its bundle of nutritive contents. This paper points out the significance of microalgae feedstock in creating potential competitive advantage in animal feed products, based on the VRIN model. A wide-ranging literature review is conducted to extract and synthesise information from both empirical and theoretical articles concerning animal feed trials using microalgae and the nutritional values of microalgae. Although, feeding trials results appear to be promising, findings thus far do not allow to draw a conclusion on microalgae's capability to replace fishmeal as the main source of protein in animal feed products. Nevertheless, macro and micronutrients as well as the antioxidants present in microalgae could provide saving opportunities on other feed ingredients like corn and soybean meal. Additionally, animal wastewater containing significant amount of inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen, which are a major cause of eutrophication in water bodies could be bioremediated using microalgae, producing biomass in the process." @default.
- W4221009851 created "2022-04-03" @default.
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- W4221009851 date "2022-05-01" @default.
- W4221009851 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W4221009851 title "Microalgae as feed ingredients and a potential source of competitive advantage in livestock production: A review" @default.
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- W4221009851 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104907" @default.
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