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- W4221054328 abstract "Digestion is the process of degradation of the different components of the diet, catalyzed by enzymes in the digestive tract. Saliva contains ptyalin that hydrolyzes amylose and amylopectin. In the stomach, digestion depends on the gastric juice, which contains HCl. Chief cells produce pepsin, which hydrolyzes proteins. The stomach also has lipase, which hydrolyzes fatty acids. The gastric parietal cells also secrete intrinsic factor, which is required for vitamin B12 absorption. The pancreas through its exocrine glands produces trypsin that selectively hydrolyses lysine and arginine carboxyl bonds; chymotrypsin, which cleaves aromatic amino acid carboxyl bonds; carboxypeptidase that breaks the peptide bond at the C-terminal side of proteins; elastase that cleaves elastin. All these enzymes are secreted as zymogens and are activated by trypsin. Furthermore, the pancreas produces amylase that hydrolyzes starch; lipase, which hydrolyzes neutral fats; cholesterol esterase that hydrolyzes cholesterol esters; and phospholipase A2, which cleaves fatty acid bonds in glycerophospholipids. The intestinal mucosa produces enteropeptidase, which catalyzes the activation of trypsinogen; aminopeptidases that hydrolyze peptide bonds at the N-terminus of proteins; disaccharidases, which degrade disaccharides; and nucleotidases, phosphatases, and nucleosidases, which cleave nucleic acids into nucleotides. The liver produces bile, which contains cholic and chenodeoxicholic acids that have emulsifying action on fats. After digestion, the absorption of the components of the diet follows different mechanisms. Monosaccharides are absorbed in the intestine by Na+, K+-ATPase–dependent transport or by facilitated transport. Lipids are absorbed directly into the portal system. Proteins need to be hydrolyzed and only free amino acids, dipeptides, and tripeptides are absorbed. Microbiome refers to the community of microorganisms that leave in a symbiotic relationship within the gut." @default.
- W4221054328 created "2022-04-03" @default.
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- W4221054328 date "2022-01-01" @default.
- W4221054328 modified "2023-10-02" @default.
- W4221054328 title "Digestion—Absorption" @default.
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- W4221054328 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-91599-1.00021-3" @default.
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