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- W4224035545 abstract "Abstract Impacts to honey bees due to exposure to agricultural pesticides is one of the most serious threats to the beekeeping industry. Our research evaluated the lethal and sublethal toxicity of Lufenuron+Emamectin benzoate (Proclaim Fit ® ) on the European honey bee Apis mellifera L. at field-realistic (worst-case) dose. Newly emerged (≤ 24-h old) and forager (unknown age) worker bees were treated with the field recommended dose of Proclaim Fit ® using three routes of exposure including residual contact, oral, and spray within the laboratory. We also assessed the sublethal effects of Proclaim Fit ® on the specific activity of some well-known detoxifying enzymes including α-esterase, β-esterase, and Glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the honey bees. In addition, toxicity of the insecticide was tested on 4 th instar larvae within the hive. Based on estimated median survival times (MSTs), Proclaim Fit ® was highly toxic to the bees, especially when applied as spray. According to hazard ratios, newly emerged bees were 1.47× and 2.78× more susceptible than foragers to Proclaim Fit ® applied as residual contact and oral, respectively. Enzyme assays revealed the considerable involvement of the enzymes, especially GST and α-esterase, in detoxification of the Proclaim Fit ® , but their activities were significantly influenced by route of exposure and age of bee. Notably, Proclaim Fit ® was highly toxic to 4 th instar honey bee larvae. Our results generally indicate a potent toxicity of Proclaim Fit ® toward honey bees. Therefore, its application requires serious consideration and adherence to strict guidelines, especially during the flowering time of crops." @default.
- W4224035545 created "2022-04-19" @default.
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- W4224035545 date "2022-04-05" @default.
- W4224035545 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W4224035545 title "Toxic evaluation of Proclaim Fit ® on honey bee workers: lethal and sublethal effects" @default.
- W4224035545 doi "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1510904/v1" @default.
- W4224035545 hasPublicationYear "2022" @default.
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