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• W4225259738 abstract "Reviewed by: Cannabis: Global Histories ed. by Lucas Richert and James H. Mills Utathya Chattopadhyaya Cannabis: Global Histories Edited by Lucas Richert and James H. Mills. Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 2021. Across fifteen essays, Cannabis: Global Histories arrays important ongoing research on cannabis substances like marijuana, hashish, dagga, gol, bang and ganja using case studies of particular actors, organizations, and intersections of policy and consumption practices. State policy, circulatory networks and medical research serve as focal points for the essays, most of which concern solely the twentieth century. Essays that mobilize cannabis towards textured accounts of colonial racial structures, incongruities of state building and messy complexities of experimental psychology stand out in the collection. David Guba Jr. deftly uses the enthusiasm of physicians across Europe and the US for Jacques-Joseph Moreau’s hashish research in the 1840s to show that “taming” cannabis pharmaceutically for cures, and ingesting it to study induced mental states, together reproduced Orientalism and popularized anti-Arab stereotypes under French imperialism. Drawing on Liat Kozma’s work, Haggai Ram analyzes antagonisms in the League of Nations’ Subcommittee on Cannabis (1934–1939).i In that inter-imperial space, against rehearsed racialized fantasies of Arabs, Mexicans and Black Americans, historically given to cannabis addiction, Thomas Russell channeled his experiences in Egypt’s Central Narcotics Intelligence Bureau to situate hashish use as more immediately modern. Mobilizing the fellaheen as hardworking but enfeebled by diseases caused by largescale irrigation infrastructure, Russell switched from longstanding racial taxonomies to provisional causalities. Ram argues that concealing even such limited antagonisms and debates also foreclosed subsequent knowledge of alternative and Indigenous epistemologies of cannabis. Experiential epistemologies lead Maziyar Ghiabi to the “rhetoric of smoke” in Persian. In postrevolutionary Iran, Ghiabi examines cheti, a state of mind suited to repetitive and laborious work, and na’shehgi, one of confidence and vivacity, as contrasting complementary modalities of intoxication. Distinctions of class in gol and hashish use, separated also by women’s tastes, have developed under a state that, while rhetorically strict on cannabis, remains more occupied with meth and heroin use among the poor. Earlier, in postrevolutionary Mexico, a poor person’s search for happiness in fantasy had animated Dr. Leopoldo Viniegra’s nonconformist advocacy of legalized marijuana. Isaac Campos carefully situates complex case records from Viniegra’s psychological practice and his famous 1938 speech against post-1930 US panic over cannabis-induced violence and madness. He argues that revisiting structuring factors like harsh poverty, domestic violence and simultaneous consumption of other intoxicants can enable us to rethink questions of harm, psychosis and intoxication in a forthright and systemic perspective. Like Expoweed in Mexico today, confluences of big business and cannabis also shape African states such as Kenya and Lesotho where, as Neil Carrier shows, agribusiness models and Indigenous reclamations of African medicine are deciding debates on future policy even as cannabis remains illegal de jure yet legal de facto. Cannabis also materializes fascinating internal contradictions of emerging nation-states. Gernot Klantschnig recounts how, in 1960s Lagos, musicians such as Fela Kuti and Orlando Owoh gave cannabis meanings very different from those held by older returning soldiers from theaters of World War II like Burma and India. By 1965, even as psychiatrist Dr. Thomas Lambo selectively offered poverty and detribalization to explain higher cannabis use, General Ironsi’s military state seized on popular fears of children smoking cannabis to enact the strictly prohibitionist Indian Hemp Decree (1966). In South Africa’s settler colonial context, Thembisa Waetjen foregrounds cleavages that complicate colonizer-colonized frameworks and asks how and why the Union of South Africa came to push for international cannabis prohibition in the 1920s. Waetjen skillfully historicizes dynamics of African respectability and patriarchy in Natal’s Native Affairs Department debates, the studied indifference of gold mine overseers in the Witwatersrand and tensions between the Cape Colony’s pharmacists and dagga farmers, that fissured the ground on which Smuts’ Union state ultimately erected a homogenizing racialized model of criminal prohibition. Circulatory networks and the porosity of borders illustrate intersections of cannabis and state formation in other sites. Jamie Banks uses circuitous histories of imperial careering and indentured servitude to show how asylum officials like Robert Grieve in 1880s..." @default.
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• W4225259738 date "2022-03-01" @default.
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• W4225259738 title "Cannabis: Global Histories ed. by Lucas Richert and James H. Mills" @default.
• W4225259738 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/cch.2022.0001" @default.
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