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• W4225554941 abstract "Imidazole ring is undoubtedly one of the most prominent building blocks for different compounds, either natural or synthetic. The strategies used for the formation include addition reactions and further cyclization, cycloaddition reaction type van Leusen imidazole synthesis, addition [2+2+1], addition [2+2+2], etc. The applications of these compounds in the production of drugs are high due to their ability to interact through weak bonds with enzymes and biological receptors. Several drugs with imidazole as their central nucleus are used with different pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antiparasitic, anticancer, antihistaminic, and enzyme inhibitor. Hydantoins represent an essential group of heterocycles. They exhibit diverse biological and pharmacological activities in medicinal, agrochemical, and food industries in obtaining aspartame and other products that use pure amino acids as a reagent. The strategies used to obtain these compounds are varied, including classical and alternative syntheses. Within the classics, the Bucherer-Bergs reaction is undoubtedly the most used and has undergone the most adaptations. Regarding another synthesis example, we should highlight multicomponent reactions, metal-catalyzed reactions, cycloadditions, and solid-phase reactions. Thiazoles are five-membered aromatic heterocyclic compounds with a sulfur and nitrogen atom in the 1 and 3 positions, respectively. The presence of the thiazole portion in a considerable number of natural products and showing broad biological activity such as vitamin B1 thiamine, penicillin, Apratoxin A potent natural cytotoxic marine product isolated from the marine cyanobacteria Lyngbya majuscula, Haligramide A and B isolated from marine sponges, Ulithiacyclamide A extracted from Ascidian tunicate, Dolastatins from sea hare and many other thiazole-base peptides have made these compounds, especially notable and much research is being carried out on either substituted thiazole or hybrid thiazole syntheses. New drugs are also being developed to treat allergies, inflammation, hypertension, schizophrenia, and many types of cancer. Many drugs that contain a thiazole core are marketed to know antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antineoplastic, antidepressant against Parkinson’s disease, antidiuretic, etc. In photography industries and pesticides such as photosensors, rubber vulcanization, liquid crystals, sensors, sunscreens, catalysts, dyes, pigments, and chromophores, the presence of the thiazole ring is essential. Regarding the synthesis methodology used, we have Hantzsch synthesis, Cook-Heilbron synthesis, oxidation, Ugi reaction, Palladium-mediated coupling, intramolecular thia-Michael strategy, and others. Oxazoles are five-membered aromatic heterocyclic compounds with an oxygen and nitrogen atom in positions 1 and 3, respectively. These azo compounds and thiazoles have incredible versatility and can act as synthetic and pharmaceutical intermediates. When undergoing oxidation with ring-opening, they can form various open-chain compounds, such as imides. As they are the central nucleus of natural cyclopeptides present in marine animals, they arouse interest due to the biological applications of these secondary metabolites. Oxazoles have well-defined pharmacological properties such as antitubercular, anticancer, antiparasitic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antiviral. Due to this wide range of action, the strategies to synthesize these compounds have been and continue to be improved. The classical syntheses are those of Robinson-Gabriel and van Leusen. Other methods are oxidation of oxazolines, cycloisomerization of propargyl amides, methods for getting pattern 2,4 or 4,5-substitutions, by amidation coupling-cycloisomerization sequence, palladium-mediated catalysis, and so on." @default.
• W4225554941 created "2022-05-05" @default.
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• W4225554941 date "2022-01-01" @default.
• W4225554941 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W4225554941 title "Imidazole, Hydantoins, Thiazole, and Oxazole: A Journey on Synthetic and Biological Relevance" @default.
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• W4225554941 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0832-3_2" @default.
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