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• W4225569168 abstract "HomePlant DiseaseVol. 106, No. 6First Report of Colletotrichum tropicale Causing Anthracnose on Common Fig in Taiwan PreviousNext DISEASE NOTE OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Colletotrichum tropicale Causing Anthracnose on Common Fig in TaiwanC.-H. Duan and G.-Y. ChenC.-H. Duan†Corresponding author: C.-H. Duan; E-mail Address: [email protected]https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5505-3949Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute, Taichung 41358, TaiwanSearch for more papers by this author and G.-Y. ChenTaiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute, Taichung 41358, TaiwanSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations C.-H. Duan † G.-Y. Chen Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute, Taichung 41358, Taiwan Published Online:14 Apr 2022https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-21-1329-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articleFicus carica L., known as common fig, is one of the most profitable fruit crops in Taiwan. The fruit is harvested for a high-value market. Common fig can be eaten fresh or dried and processed to make different food products. In September 2015, an anthracnose-like disease was widely observed on common fig fruit planted in an orchard in Lukang Township (24°04′36″ N, 120°27′15″ E) in Changhua County, central Taiwan. Symptoms were sunken, water-soaked lesions covered with salmon-colored spore masses and were observed on all stages of fruit, especially when the fruit was ripe. Four fungal isolates were collected from four diseased fruit of different plants in the same orchard. Conidia were spread on 2% water agar, and a single conidium was separated by a handmade glass needle. Fungal isolates were grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 24 to 28°C with diffuse light. All four strains produced white, aerial, and cottony mycelia covered with abundant salmon-colored conidial masses on PDA. The conidia were hyaline, single celled, round cylindrical on both ends, and thin walled, and the contents were guttulate. The conidia were 15.4 (18.5 to 13.1) × 4.73 (5.8 to 3.6) μm (average [max. to min.]; length/width ratio = 3.25, n = 40). DNA was isolated from the representative isolate FC1 and used for amplification of partial sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), actin (ACT), β-tubulin 2 (TUB2), manganese-superoxide dismutase (SOD2), calmodulin (CAL), chitin synthase 1 (CHS-1) (Weir et al. 2012), and the intergenic region of the apn2 and MAT1-2-1 (ApMat) genes (Sharma et al. 2013). A BLAST search against the NCBI database revealed that FC1 gene sequences (GenBank accession nos. MT192648 [ITS], MT155819 [GAPDH], MT199873 [ACT], MT199874 [TUB2], MT815916 [SOD2], MT815917 [CAL], MW684717 [CHS-1], and MT221652 [ApMat]) displayed 99.1, 98.2, 99.3, 99.6, 99.5, 100.0, 92.8, and 100.0% nucleotide identity to the respective gene sequences of Colletotrichum tropicale CBS 124949 (ICMP18653) (JX010264, JX010007, JX009489, JX010407, JX010329, JX009719, JX009870, and KC790728). Multilocus phylogenetic analysis performed with reference sequences showed that the isolate FC1 clustered with C. tropicale in accordance with BLAST results. A conidial suspension (1 × 106 conidia/ml) prepared from FC1 isolate was inoculated by spraying onto detached, ripe, healthy, nonwounded, and surface-disinfected common fig fruit (cv. China, n = 4). Fruits sprayed with sterile water were used as a control. Fruits were kept in a moist chamber (>90% relative humidity, 24 to 28°C) for 24 h and then maintained in the lab for an additional 5 days. The inoculated fruit developed lesions similar to the disease symptoms in the orchard. No symptoms were observed on fruit treated with water. C. tropicale was reisolated from symptomatic fruits and had similar morphological characteristics to FC1 isolate, thus fulfilling Koch’s postulates. The experiment was repeated once showing similar results. The FC1 isolate of C. tropicale with the identification number BCRC FU31436 has been deposited at the Taiwan Bioresource Collection and Research Center. This fungus had previously been found on lotus and mango in Taiwan (Chen and Kirschner 2018; Wu et al. 2020), while the pathogenicity among the isolates from different origins is not yet known. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. tropicale causing anthracnose on common fig fruit in Taiwan.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Chen, K.-L., and Kirschner, R. 2018. Mycol. Prog. 17:275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-017-1324-y Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarSharma, G., et al. 2013. Fungal Divers. 61:117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-013-0247-4 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarWeir, B. S., et al. 2012. Stud. Mycol. 73:115. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim0011 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarWu, C.-J., et al. 2020. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 157:1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-01964-4 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarFunding: Funding was provided by Council of Agriculture, Taiwan (104AS-9.8.2-PI-P1).The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 106, No. 6 June 2022SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Download Metrics Article History Issue Date: 2 Jun 2022Published: 14 Apr 2022First Look: 29 Nov 2021Accepted: 24 Nov 2021 Page: 1750 Information© 2022 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingCouncil of Agriculture, TaiwanGrant/Award Number: 104AS-9.8.2-PI-P1KeywordsanthracnoseColletotrichum tropicalecommon fig (Ficus carica)fungiTaiwanThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF download" @default.
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• W4225569168 title "First Report of <i>Colletotrichum tropicale</i> Causing Anthracnose on Common Fig in Taiwan" @default.
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