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- W4226188457 abstract "Human health is determined by complex interactions between genetics and the so-called social determinants of health (SDOH), which include the physical environment and the social and economic conditions in which people live and work. It is now well established that the distribution of income within the population is a major risk factor for early mortality and shorter life expectancy. Income determines where one lives, the quality of the school that one's children attend, the availability of healthy food, and access to healthcare. People live longer in countries with lower levels of inequality; in the United States, the average life expectancy is 4 years shorter than in countries where income distribution is more equitable. Among industrialized nations, the United States has the largest gap in income between the rich and the rest of the population, and by far the worst health outcome based on rates of infant and maternal mortality and life expectancy. Chronic stress, related to low socioeconomic position, can influence health by reducing social cohesion, and by over-stimulation of the stress response, neuroendocrine and immune pathways. Here, I make the case that income inequality is a problem and pose the difficult question of what is an appropriate level of income inequality; also I point out that the problem is not how much income inequality is enough or too much, but the problem is that no one is asking the question in the first place. Further, I argue that it is not wise to outsource such a moral question to the capital-driven market; such decisions should be decided by the citizens of a democracy." @default.
- W4226188457 created "2022-05-05" @default.
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- W4226188457 date "2022-01-01" @default.
- W4226188457 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W4226188457 title "Economic inequality: The principal social determinant of health responsible for disparity in life-expectancy" @default.
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- W4226188457 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-824010-6.00008-3" @default.
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