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- W4229534284 abstract "Scales frequently used in clinical trials to quantify phenomena or outcomes which are non-dimensional, either as a “single state” s. (scale is designed to measure patients at a single point in time, e.g. patients state at entry and at the trial’s conclusion, such as the who-performance status, the keith-wagener classification for hypertensive retinopathy, the Kurtzke score in multiple sclerosis or the ritchie index in rheumatology, or as “transition” s. (measuring magnitude and direction of changes directly and symmetrically, without baseline — time 1 assessment — e.g. −2 much worse, −1 worse, 0 the same, +1 better, +2 much better); when using o.s. a few rules should be followed: (1) individual elements of the s. should be clearly defined, and must assess the same phenomena; (2) ranks should be discrete, nonoverlapping (mutually exclusive) and in a reasonable, hierarchical order; (3) scale scores should be placed in a clinical context and should detect both improvement and deterioration without clustering subjects at one extreme on the s.; (4) correct analyses should be concentrated on within-patient changes, concordance (similar, correlating trends) with other outcome measures should be shown" @default.
- W4229534284 created "2022-05-11" @default.
- W4229534284 creator A5077690498 @default.
- W4229534284 date "2009-01-01" @default.
- W4229534284 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
- W4229534284 title "ordinal scale" @default.
- W4229534284 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89836-9_977" @default.
- W4229534284 hasPublicationYear "2009" @default.
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