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• W4229864067 abstract "Abass Alavi, MD Guest EditorView Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)The use of PET has presented an important and unique opportunity for investigating neuropsychiatric disorders. PET imaging began with the development of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) but has grown to include a multitude of radiopharmaceuticals that can evaluate almost any aspect of brain function. Emission tomography to image the biodistribution of radionuclides was originally developed in the 1960s by David Kuhl and Roy Edwards. This technique was later named single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and was used to study a number of neurologic disorders as well as to accurately demonstrate the regional distribution of various tracers in the central nervous system. SPECT studies use single photon-emitting radionuclides, such as iodine or technetium, that are labeled to a specific compound. Concurrent with these developments, it was realized that positron-emitting radionuclides allow for the synthesis of biologically important radiotracers because the elements used for labeling are identical or close to those that are naturally contained in such compounds. Thus, radionuclides, such as 11C, 18F, and 13N, seem useful in producing a vast array of tracers that are optimal for studying the brain's chemistry and function. The emitted positron travels a short distance before meeting an electron and annihilating to produce 2 511-keV γ rays, which travel in opposite directions, approximately 180° from each other. Modern whole-body PET instruments have a resolution in the range of 3 to 4 mm. This resolution has approached the theoretic limit of a few millimeters, resulting in considerable improvement of image quality. Thus, PET is primed to be able to contribute substantially to the understanding of neuropsychiatric conditions in the future. Over the past 35 years, PET imaging has been used to evaluate regional cerebral glucose metabolism in clinical and research applications. The array of disorders that has been studied include neurologic disorders, such as dementia, stroke, brain tumors, movement disorders, and seizures, and psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety, and drug abuse. One major development, which revealed the ability of PET to elucidate regional brain metabolism and function, was the synthesis of FDG. The early work performed with FDG PET had explored the metabolic landscape and changes associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders. This greatly advanced understanding of these disorders and the particular brain structures affected. More recent work has focused more on clinical issues, including diagnosis, management, and follow-up. Studies have also attempted to ascertain predictors of response to therapeutic interventions and have explored how specific activation paradigms might help uncover specific deficits not apparent with resting images. Over this same period of time, a wide array of radiopharmaceuticals has been developed. Tracers that can evaluate pre- and postsynaptic receptor function have been used to explore the dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, benzodiazepine, and opiate receptor systems. In addition, newer tracers have been developed that evaluate other pathophysiologic processes, such as amyloid deposition, hypoxia, and apoptosis. Each of these new tracers may have a variety of uses in the study of neuropsychiatric conditions. The January and April issues of PET Clinics explore what PET imaging has revealed in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders in the research and clinical settings. The articles describe the current status of PET data in different disorders, reveal current progress in understanding these disorders, and provide a foundation for future studies. It is important to show this overall perspective so that PET imaging can continue to be a highly valuable tool in the study of brain and the disorders affecting the brain." @default.
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• W4229864067 date "2010-04-01" @default.
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• W4229864067 title "Preface" @default.
• W4229864067 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpet.2010.03.005" @default.
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