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• W4230221472 abstract "LONDON. Royal Meteorological Society, May 20.—F. W. Harmer and C. E. P. Brooks: Further remarks on the meteorological conditions of the Pleistocene epoch. The chief difference between the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans is that the former is open to the north, while the latter is practically closed to the north. Hence in the Atlantic the Gulf Stream travels north-eastward into the Arctic Ocean, while in the Pacific the Japan current is forced to turn southeastward along the coast of America. This difference causes differences in the pressure distribution; both oceanic and atmospheric circulation combine to give western Europe a more genial climate than the west of North America. The closing of the Greenland-Europe channel would bring about changes in the oceanic and atmospheric circulations which would suffice to cause a glacial epoch in Europe. The diversion of the storm tracks and the consequent alteration in the direction of the prevalent winds are probably even more important than the changes in the currents. The second part of the paper deals with the climatic changes in the Mediterranean region during the glacial period; the crowding together of the isotherms in southern Europe caused a great increase of storminess there, to which was due the torrential rains of which we have evidence.—Sir Gilbert T. Walker: On periodicity. Proposals that have been made in recent years for modifying Schuster's periodogram; a new criterion for the reality of a period, with some applications to meteorological data, is given.—Harold Jeffreys: On fluid motions produced by differences of temperature and humidity. It has been shown that the maintenance of a difference of temperature between parts of the same level surface in a fluid will necessarily maintain a permanent motion of the fluid, and that heating or cooling a fluid at an internal boundary will also maintain a permanent movement. A corresponding theorem is true for the supply of new constituents instead of heat. This result appears to contradict a theorem given by Sandstrom and Bjerknes, to the effect that a permanent motion is possible only if the place where the heat is supplied is at a lower level than that where it is removed; but the arguments of these authors involve an unstated assumption, which seems to be untrue. Sandstrom's experiment, in which no motion was observed in a tank under conditions suited to the production of a circulation, is capable of a dynamical explanation based on the slowness of conduction and the consequent confinement of the currents to narrow regions where they would be very difficult to observe. It appears unlikely that it will often be possible to proceed by analogy from this experiment to the dynamics of wind, for radiation and turbulence will always redistribute the heat in such a way as to produce general currents; but there may be some applications to ocean currents.—A. H. R. Goldie: Gustiness of wind in particular cases. Deals particularly with examples from the anemograph records of Falmouth Observatory during periods of S.W. wind. It was found that the time interval of the rise and fall of the anemograph pen and of the breaking of the waves on the shore approximated to seven seconds. A further investigation at Lerwick showed that the normal relation between “range of gusts” and “hourly mean wind,” in the case of equatorial currents, is about one-third and nearly independent of velocity." @default.
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• W4230221472 date "1925-07-01" @default.
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• W4230221472 title "Societies and Academies" @default.
• W4230221472 doi "https://doi.org/10.1038/116118a0" @default.
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