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• W4230361290 abstract "A new worldwide survey finds that almost half of all primate species are in danger of becoming extinct. Nigel Williams reports. A new worldwide survey finds that almost half of all primate species are in danger of becoming extinct. Nigel Williams reports. The first comprehensive review in five years of the world's more than 600 species of primate found that almost 50 per cent are in danger of becoming extinct, according to the criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Announced at the International Primatology Congress in Edinburgh earlier this month, the report by the world's leading primate scientists presents an alarming picture of the status of primates around the world. In Asia, more than 70 per cent of species are classified on the IUCN Red List as vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered — meaning they could disappear in the near future. Habitat destruction, through the burning and clearing of tropical forests, which also emits 20 per cent of global greenhouse gases, is a major threat to primates. Other threats include the hunting of primates for food and an illegal wildlife trade. “We've raised concerns for years about primates being in peril, but now we have solid data to show the situation is far more severe than we imagined,” said Russell Mittermeider, chairman of the IUCN species survival commission's primate specialist group and the president of Conservation International (CI). “Tropical forest destruction has always been the main cause, but now it appears that hunting is just as serious a threat in some areas, even where the habitat is still quite intact. In many places, primates are quite literally being eaten to extinction.” The review, funded by CI, the Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation, Disney's Animal Kingdom and the IUCN, is part of a major study of the world's mammals to be released in October. With the input of hundreds of experts worldwide, the primate review provides scientific data to show the severe threats to animals sharing the greatest amount of DNA sequence with humans. In both Vietnam and Cambodia, approximately 90 per cent of primate species are considered at risk of extinction. Populations of gibbons, leaf monkeys, langurs and other species have dwindled due to rapid habitat loss exacerbated by hunting for food and to supply the wildlife trade and traditional Chinese medicine. “What is happening in Southeast Asia is terrifying,” says Jean-Christophe Vie, deputy head of the IUCN species programme. “To have a group of animals under such a high level of threat is, quite frankly, unlike anything we have recorded among any other group of species to date.” Elsewhere, species from tiny mouse lemurs to massive mountain gorillas face challenges to survive in Africa. Eleven out of the thirteen kinds of red colobus monkey assessed were listed as critically endangered or endangered. Two species may already be extinct: Bouvier's red colobus (Procolobus pennantii bouvieri) has not been seen in 25 years, and no living Miss Waldron's red colobus (Procolobus badius waldroni) has been seen by primatologists since 1978, despite occasional reports that some still survive. “Among the African species, the great apes such as the gorillas and bonobos have always tended to grab the limelight and, even though they are deeply threatened, it is smaller primates, such as the red colobus, that could die out first,” says Richard Wrangham, president of the International Primate Society. Non-human primates are important to the health of our surrounding ecosystems. Through the dispersal of seeds and other interactions with their environments, primates help support a wide range of plant and animal life in the world's tropical forests. Healthy forests provide vital resources for local human populations and also absorb and store carbon dioxide that causes climate change. Meanwhile scientists continue to learn more about primates and their role in the world. Since 2000, 53 species of primates previously unknown to science have been described — 40 from Madagascar, two from Africa, three from Asia and eight from Central and Southern America. In 2007, researchers found a long-rumoured population of critically endangered greater bamboo lemurs (Prolemur simus) in a Madagascan wetland 400 km from the only other known home of the species. The species numbers only around 140 individuals in the wild. Despite the overall gloomy assessment, conservationists point to a notable success in helping targeted species recover in Brazil. The black lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysopygus) was downlisted from critically endangered to endangered as was the golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia) in 2003, as a result of three decades of conservation efforts involving numerous institutions. Populations of both animals are now well protected but remain very small, says Anthony Rylands, deputy chair of the IUCN primate specialist group. “The work with lion tamarins shows that conserving forest fragments and reforesting to create corridors that connect them is not only vital for primates, but offers the multiple benefits of maintaining healthy ecosystems.”" @default.
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• W4230361290 date "2008-08-01" @default.
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• W4230361290 title "Primate gloom" @default.
• W4230361290 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.08.002" @default.
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