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- W4230545715 abstract "In this article, eco-efficiency – ‘sustainable development at the company level’ or ‘value added per environmental impact’ – is operationalized at the production unit level. An eco-efficiency index is developed and tested with 31 Finnish and 37 Swedish pulp, paper and board mills in 1993–1996. In essence, gross value added without a change in inventories is divided by environmental impact aggregated with seven valuation methods. The definition of eco-efficiency as sustainable development at the company level appears to be problematic. [Eco]2-efficiency does not include the third, ethical dimension sustainable development, but only ecology and economy. Value added is a limited indicator of economic performance and very sensitive to changes in market prices, while environmental impact changes with valuation assumptions. The Swedish mills were generally more eco-efficient, while the Finnish mills were more eco-efficient in integrated woodfree paper, solid bleached sulphate board and liquid packaging board. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment" @default.
- W4230545715 created "2022-05-11" @default.
- W4230545715 creator A5063097805 @default.
- W4230545715 date "2000-05-01" @default.
- W4230545715 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W4230545715 title "Developing tangible measures for eco‐efficiency: the case of the Finnish and Swedish pulp and paper industry" @default.
- W4230545715 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0836(200005/06)9:3<196::aid-bse240>3.3.co;2-f" @default.
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