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- W4231242712 abstract "Ultramafic rocks contain more than 90% mafic minerals and are formed by a variety of different processes. They occur mostly as part of the upper mantle which was originally formed during the differentiation of the Earth into an iron-rich core and a silicate mantle. The upper mantle has subsequently been reworked extensively by partial melting and metasomatism, as well as by recycling of subducted oceanic crust over geological time. These processes have led to the wide variety of ultramafic rocks found in the mantle. Our knowledge of mantle rocks is provided by the occurrence of mantle xenoliths in kimberlites and alkali basalt eruptions. The xenoliths are mainly olivine-rich peridotite rocks containing either spinel or garnet as an accessory mineral. Some are pyroxenites and hornblendites. Outcrops of the Earth's mantle also can be found associated with regions of uplifted oceanic lithosphere, and with continental collision zones such as the Alps and Pyrenees. Extraction of komatiitic magmas from the mantle during the Archean may have resulted in the extensive depletion in oxides such as Al2O3 and CaO, and enrichment in MgO, as found in “depleted” Archean mantle xenoliths. A third occurrence of ultramafic rocks is as igneous cumulates rich in olivine and pyroxene which have crystallized in layered igneous intrusions. Many meteorites are also ultramafic rocks. They are interpreted to be pieces of the mantle of asteroids, cumulates in the crust of planets such as Mars, and chondritic meteorites which are similar to the primordial material from which the Earth formed." @default.
- W4231242712 created "2022-05-12" @default.
- W4231242712 creator A5034535836 @default.
- W4231242712 date "2021-01-01" @default.
- W4231242712 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W4231242712 title "Ultramafic Rocks" @default.
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- W4231242712 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.12478-9" @default.
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