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• W4231535008 abstract "The effectiveness of a seed disperser depends on the quantity and quality of dispersal. The quality of dispersal depends in large part on factors that affect the post–dispersal fate of seeds, and yet this aspect of dispersal quality is rarely assessed. In the particular case of seed dispersal through endozoochory, the defecation pattern produced has the potential of affecting the fate of dispersed seeds and consequently, dispersal quality and effectiveness. In this study, I assessed the effects of dung presence and dung/seed densities on seed predation by rodents and secondary dispersal by dung beetles. In particular, I compared seed fates in clumped defecation patterns, as those produced by howler monkeys, with seed fates in scattered defecation patterns, as those produced by other frugivores. I also determined the prevalence of red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) as seed dispersers at the plant community level in Central Amazonia by determining the number of species they dispersed in a 25–month period. I found that dung presence and amount affected rodent and dung beetle behavior. Seed predation rates were higher when dung was present, and when it was in higher densities. The same number of seeds was buried by dung beedes, in dumped versus scattered defecation patterns, but more seeds were buried when they were inside large dung–piles versus small piles. Seed density had no effect on rodent or dung beetle behavior. Results indicate that caution should be taken when categorizing an animal as a high or low quality seed disperser before carefully examining the factors that affect the fate of dispersed seeds. Red howler monkeys dispersed the seeds of 137 species during the study period, which is the highest yet reported number for an Alouatta species, and should thus be considered highly prevalent seed dispersers at the plant community level in Central Amazonian terra firme rain forests. A efetividade da dispersão de sememes depende da quantidade e qualidade da dispersão. A qualidade da dispersáo, por sua vez, depende em grande parte dos fatores pós-dispersão que afetam o destine das sememes–um aspecto pouco explorado na literatura. No caso especial de dispersão de sememes por endozoocoria, o padrão de defeca¸ão tem potencial de afetar o destine das sementes dispersas e consequentemente a qualidade da dispersão. Neste estudo, eu investiguei os efeitos da presen¸a de fezes e da densidade de sementes e de fezes sobre a preda¸ão de sementes por roedores, e sobre a dispersão secondária por besouros coprófagos. Em particular, eu comparei o destino das sementes em padröes de defeca¸ão agregada, como as produzidas por macacos guaribas, e em padroes de defecacao dispersa, como as produzidas por outros frugivoros. Eu também determinei a prevalência dos guaribas vermelhos (Alouatta senieulus) como dispersores de sementes da comunidade de plantas na Amazõnia Central, por meio da determinacyão do número de espécies vegetais que eles dispersaram durante um periodo de 25 meses. Eu encontrei que a presenca e quantidade de fezes afetaram tanto o comportamento de roedores, como o comportamento dos besouros coprófagos. A taxa de preda¸ão de sementes foi elevada quando estas estavam associadas á presen¸a e á major densidade de fezes. O mesmo número de sementes foi enterrado pelos besouros coprófagos de fezes defecadas de forma agregada e de forma dispersa. No entanto, um número maior de sementes foi enterrado por besouros quando estavam dentro de uma pilha grande de fezes, do que em pilhas menores. A densidade de sementes não teve efeito no comportamento dos roedores, nem no comportamento dos besouros. Os resultados indicam que cuidado deve ser tomado ao se categorizar animais como dispersores de sementes de alta ou baixa qualidade, antes de um exame cuidadoso dos fatores que afetam o destino das sementes dispersas seja feito. Os guaribas dispersaram as sementes de 137 espécies durante o periodo deste estudo. Este é o maior número já reportado para uma espécie de Auouatae, por esta razão, os guaribas devem ser considerados como dispersores muito prevalentes na comunidade vegetal da floresta de terra firme da Amazõnia Central." @default.
• W4231535008 created "2022-05-12" @default.
• W4231535008 creator A5058262257 @default.
• W4231535008 date "2002-06-01" @default.
• W4231535008 modified "2023-10-11" @default.
• W4231535008 title "Primary Seed Dispersal by Red Howler Monkeys and the Effect of Defecation Patterns on the Fate of Dispersed Seeds1" @default.
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• W4231535008 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2002.tb00537.x" @default.
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