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- W4231936705 abstract "An Overview of Injection Design S. Dunn-Norman; S. Dunn-Norman University of Missouri-Rolla Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar E.A. May E.A. May University of Missouri-Rolla Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Paper presented at the SPE Production Operations Symposium, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, March 1997. Paper Number: SPE-37419-MS https://doi.org/10.2118/37419-MS Published: March 09 1997 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Get Permissions Search Site Citation Dunn-Norman, S., and E.A. May. An Overview of Injection Design. Paper presented at the SPE Production Operations Symposium, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, March 1997. doi: https://doi.org/10.2118/37419-MS Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll ProceedingsSociety of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)SPE Oklahoma City Oil and Gas Symposium / Production and Operations Symposium Search Advanced Search AbstractRecent advances in research have significantly improved the understanding of formation damage induced from injection operations. Specific measures, such as injector half life, and models for predicting injectivity decline have been developed to assist engineers in designing optimum injection operations.During a similar time frame, Underground Injection Control (UIC) regulations formulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) have been enacted and have served as a catalyst for changes in downhole injection design and operation of injection wells.This paper provides a concise overview of the state of injection design. The paper includes a review of fundamental injection design, presents research results in formation damage due to brine injection, and discusses the downhole design(s) currently required by law under 40 CFR (US Code of Federal Regulations).IntroductionFormation injectivity and injectivity decline due to formation damage from inject brines, are principal concerns in waterflood (Class II) injection design. From the operators standpoint, formation damage is the principal concern because increasing damage reduces injectivity, and can affect the longevity of the injection well.Regulatory compliance aspects of the injection operation and the environmental implications of the wellbore design are also of paramount importance. These issues determine whether an injector can be permitted, the maximum injection pressure which can be sustained, and any risks which the injector may pose to overlying sources of drinking water.Design Considerations of Waterflood (Class II) Injection Wells.The design of a Class II injection well must considerFormation injectivity and injection well testingFormation damage, injectivity decline and filteringRegulatory considerations for injection designSelection of tubulars, injection pumps and surface facilities such as brine filters is made on the basis of design parameters related to these issues.Formation Injectivity and Injection Well Testing.Formation injectivity is one of the first parameters determined in injection design. The formation's ability to accept the injected brine will govern the tubulars and surface injection requirements. Injectivity also can affect the selection of the injection pattern and the number of injection wells per producing well in pressure maintenance and waterfloodng operations. Determination of the base formation injectivity also provides a baseline observation from which predictions of the long term injectivity of the well can be made. All of these considerations are important to the economic success of injection projects.Well tesing techniques have been employed in injection wells to determine reservoir parameters such as injectivity, in-situ permeability and skin factor, formation parting pressure and fracture extension pressure. These techniques include injectivity tests, falloff tests and step-rate tests. Keywords: Upstream Oil & Gas, waterflooding, enhanced recovery, injection design, Overview Subjects: Improved and Enhanced Recovery, Waterflooding This content is only available via PDF. 1997. Society of Petroleum Engineers You can access this article if you purchase or spend a download." @default.
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