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• W4232092011 abstract "A recent investigation by Associated Press on water quality at aquatic venues for the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, has raised concerns about the risk to the health of athletes who will compete next year. The article says that athletes “will be swimming and boating in waters so contaminated with human faeces that they risk becoming violently ill and unable to compete”. In fact, it goes on to say that competitors have already fallen ill while training in Rio in preparation for the games. However, the quality of water in Brazil is not a new problem; the article points out that “extreme water pollution is common” since most sewage goes untreated. Hence, “raw waste runs through open-air ditches to streams and rivers that feed Olympic water sites”. The issues of sanitation and the risk to the health of athletes raised in this news story are indeed a concern. Nearly 1400 of the more than 10 000 athletes competing at the games will be directly exposed to the contaminants in this water as they engage in sailing, swimming, canoeing, rowing, etc. Athletes competing in aquatic events should be familiar with the risks of water-borne infections: only 5 years ago former British Olympic rower Andy Holmes died from Weil's syndrome caused by infection with leptospira caught from the freshwater of Lincolnshire, UK. However, despite the very real worries about the health of competitors, the story largely glosses over the broader and more important issue of how water quality affects the people of Brazil, and misses the opportunity to, even briefly, reflect on how poor sanitation is still an urgent worldwide problem. That sanitation is still a pressing issue is particularly disappointing given that the challenge to reduce the proportion of the global population without safe drinking water or basic sanitation was laid out in the millennium development goals (MDGs). A recent joint WHO and UNICEF report, Progress on sanitation and drinking water: 2015 update and MDG assessment, outlines that there is still much to do. The report highlights that, although major advances have been made, 2·4 billion people live without sanitation facilities, meaning the MDG target has been missed by nearly 700 million people. The reasons behind this shortfall are given as inadequate investments in behaviour change campaigns, lack of affordable products for poor people, and social norms that accept or even encourage open defecation. The WHO/UNICEF report puts access to adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene in clear terms: improvements are crucial for the prevention of 16 of the 17 neglected tropical diseases and care of those with these diseases. The report also makes it clear that the solutions go beyond specific interventions and infrastructure, since a major problem is open defecation, which the report states “is one of the clearest manifestations of extreme poverty”. To take efforts forward, plans for improvements in sanitation are laid out in the sustainable development goals (SDGs) to be set by the UN General Assembly in September. The sixth of these goals (SDG 6) will be to ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. This goal encompasses many ambitious targets to be met by 2030, including “access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all, and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations”. Broader still is the importance adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene has on the prevention of childhood diarrhoeal diseases—the second leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years, killing more children each day than AIDS, malaria, and measles combined. Yet despite the enormous importance of these diseases, it seems easier to get press attention about potential digestive upset of Olympic athletes. Issues of water quality and sanitation worldwide need to be voiced while they are the focus of public attention. The risks to athletes, although real and serious, are only transient when compared with the day-in day-out risk to the residents of poorer countries, particularly children. Among all SDGs, achievement of SDG 6 could have the greatest bearing on health worldwide. We should keep in mind that sanitation and hygiene are the greatest human achievements in terms of extending life expectancy, and we must seize every opportunity to raise awareness and make these benefits available to all." @default.
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• W4232092011 date "2015-09-01" @default.
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• W4232092011 title "Concerns raised over water quality at the Rio Olympics" @default.
• W4232092011 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(15)00264-9" @default.
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