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• W4232779047 abstract "In 1902, Edward Angle read a paper at the Alumni Dental Association of Tufts College, Boston entitled ‘Orthodontia as a Specialty’. It was a time in the United States when dental education was formally being established in university schools and only the University of Sydney had launched a dental programme in Australia. There were certainly no specialist programmes in any discipline of dentistry and it was not until 1930, upon Angle's death, that orthodontics was established as the first dental specialty. Angle's Boston dissertation argued that dental students, upon graduation at the turn of the twentieth century, had only a superficial knowledge of orthodontia, the incorporation of which was considered a nuisance to daily practice. Students attended the few dental schools to learn how to become operative dentists rather than provide orthodontic care for their patients. Orthodontia was considered a vast topic which encompassed general and dental growth and development, the study of occlusal function, the care of the syndromic and cleft patients, a study of art and form and the mastery of the appliances of the day which required skill and a sound knowledge of metallurgy. So alien was orthodontia from operative practice, was it any wonder that Angle tried to divorce the discipline from dentistry and align it with medicine. He was unsuccessful in this endeavor but managed to ultimately ‘father’ his beloved specialty. Throughout the following decades the science and practice of ‘orthodontics’ changed along with its name which was accepted by the Editor-in-Chief of the Oxford dictionary in 1908. Dedicated orthodontic schools within universities were established in the USA by Angle's ex-students, alumni formed associations and societies, several graduates returned to Australia to practice and ultimately specialty programmes were established in this country from 1965. Gold appliances were discarded as a result of metallurgical innovation which resulted largely in the use of stainless steel but also other metals for band material and wire composition. Preformed materials, acid-etch techniques and the reduction of appliance bulkiness have enhanced the practice of orthodontics and patient acceptance. Today, the advent of aesthetic appliances, labial, lingual and removable, has transformed the delivery of orthodontic care and broadened the patient base. What has not changed is the underlying essence of orthodontic theory and the need for an appropriate and individualised diagnosis and treatment plan. The concepts espoused in the 7th edition of Angle's textbook (and others) remain as valid today as when they were written over a century ago. Many have been rediscovered and promoted as revolutionary advancement but the fact that a sustained applied and appropriately-directed force will change the position of a tooth through periodontal remodelling remains fundamental to orthodontic practice. While modern technology has changed the delivery of care, the patient should still remain the diagnostic focus in a specialty profession which was once considered a dental health service. The papers contained within this special issue have been written by national and international leaders in orthodontics. The themes reflect current ideology and clinical management and are based on current best-practice evidence. However, throughout time, orthodontic debate has characterised the profession in arguments which are often self-serving and require exacting clinical trials for resolution. Clinical experience and opinion significantly underpin patient management and, throughout orthodontic history, the person who ‘shouts the loudest’ commands the attention of adherents. The quest for irrefutable and absolute clinical evidence, given the uncertainty of patient response and co-operation, remains an aspirational and idealistic goal. Enjoy reading." @default.
• W4232779047 created "2022-05-12" @default.
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• W4232779047 date "2017-03-01" @default.
• W4232779047 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W4232779047 title "Caveat orthodontia" @default.
• W4232779047 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.12485" @default.
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