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• W4233172086 abstract "15 Ab Imperio, 3/2011 From the EDITORS In the current issue of Ab Imperio we continue discussions of the “Second World” as an analytical category. The reader might recall that the annual focus of the journal invites the authors and readers of Ab Imperio to discuss the productivity of applying the concept of the Second World not as a geopolitical category characteristic of the specific era of recent history but as a metaphor that allows us to think about a separate “subjectivity” of nonclassical modernity, for example, a modernity that does not fit in within the normative conceptions of national state, classic modernization, or “Western” colonialism. Formulating the problem in this way allows us to refocus on a new analytical level in discussing the problem of the Russian Sonderweg and to reframe it as a comparative question, so that it becomes a problem of the limits of variation in theorizing and realizing scenarios of modernity. By doing so, we can relativize the idea of an autarchic civilization of Eastern Europe, the Russian Empire, or the USSR: “the special path” turns out to be the conscious choice of a historical scenario and/or its legitimation, and not an outcome predetermined by preceding historical development. The notion of continuity of the historical path of Russian and Soviet history formed an important element of the conception of Russia’s special path. This is why the problem of SecondWorld time seems to be so important to us. Ruptures and deep societal cataclysms thought of as revolutions (that is, as radical changes of the old order) reflect, even if retrospectively and “reactively,” the most characteristic features of the past order, its specifics and uniqueness, which are now being destroyed in the name of new ideals and ideas. 16 From the Editors For instance, the collapse of the USSR and the East European socialist bloc meant the end of the existence of the Second World as a special social reality. At the very least, this collapse limited the applicability of the Second World concept. Francis Fukuyama described the moment of change as nothing less than “the end of history,” a diagnosis that many observers met enthusiastically. Along with Fukuyama’s thesis, multiple propaganda narratives created within the “Socialist camp” serve as an important witness to the “reality” of the Second World as a unique phenomenon. It appeared that the Second World, or, rather, its challenge to the First World, was the essence of recent history, which ended along with the challenge. At the same time, the participants in that revolution connected it to the hope for the beginning of an entirely new history: the entrance onto the highway of “normal” national life and capitalist economic development. According to this position, the old order had no right to exist, and its time was really timelessness, a sort of falling out from the world’s historical process. And yet, this radical negation only underscored the self-sufficiency of the Second World, which was not reducible to variations or “mutations” of normative capitalist modernity. In this way, a new epistemological gap emerged between essentializing the uniqueness of the deceased Second World, on the one hand, and disassembling the special conceptual apparatus designed for its description, on the other. Theorists rushed to leave behind the specific instruments to describe the Second World and turned to sociological, political, and economic models initially designed to analyze the dynamics of the First World or of its shadow, the Third. Attempts to compensate for the gap led to the development of “transitology” as a description of the “transitional society” seen in categories of the not yet complete First World. In similar fashion, various modifications of postcolonial theories were applied to the Second World. Postcolonial theories were applied to societies (and, often, successfully) that did not have a colonial past. The points of departure for these societies in transition to the First World differed from those of the Third World. Moreover, with the end of the Second World as a socioeconomic formation and a specific form of organization of cultural diversity (through the Soviet model of the International of proletarian nations), the historiography of that space found itself in a typical imperial situation of..." @default.
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• W4233172086 title "From the Editors" @default.
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