FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W4233565668> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W4233565668 endingPage "175" @default.
• W4233565668 startingPage "170" @default.
• W4233565668 abstract "Symptoms of the common cold are responsible for many health care visits, and medications to alleviate these symptoms are a significant contributor to the costs incurred. Yet, an upper respiratory tract infection (URI) is a self-limited process. Patient education about appropriate symptomatic therapies along with an understanding of appropriate criteria for seeking care could generate significant cost savings in both medications and physician visits as well as reduce the risks of adverse medication reactions.Medications for the common cold, although contributing significantly to health care costs, have not been shown to be efficacious and have demonstrated little to no benefit in children. However, even the most benign-appearing and widely used medications have been associated with significant adverse effects, including death.Studies have documented that a patient’s perception of the efficacy of antibiotics as well as other medications to “cure” the common cold are the primary drivers of many visits to the practitioner. As many as 44% of individuals surveyed believe that antibiotics assist in eradicating colds, and 63% believe that over-the-counter (OTC) medications are efficacious in relieving cold symptoms. This can become a self-perpetuating spiral of unnecessary visits for unnecessary medications because patients who have been given antibiotics for symptoms of the common cold have been shown to believe in their efficacy and to expect their prescription.Several studies also have demonstrated that many primary care practitioners prescribe antibiotics for cold symptoms with alarming frequency: Up to 40% of patients presenting to a primary care practitioner and receiving a diagnosis of a URI obtain an antibiotic prescription at the end of the visit. This tendency has not been co-opted by any physician specialty, ethnic group, income group, or geographic region; it is commonplace in both managed care and fee-for-service practices; and it is not unique to the United States.Extrapolations of one study theorized that up to 6.5 million prescriptions (12% of all prescriptions for children) were written for children receiving a diagnosis of a common cold. Another study demonstrated that 26% of all children seen were given unnecessary and potentially harmful medications, accounting for 60% of the total pharmacy costs. Mainous and associates, investigators who have pursued much work in this area, have estimated that a substantial portion of Medicaid costs is for the purchase of ineffective antibiotics and that annual health care costs for antibiotics prescribed by physicians for the diagnosis of a common cold total more than $37 million.Immigrants of various ethnic groups have been shown to subscribe to the assumption that antibiotics are effective for URIs. This perception has been shown to be more prevalent among immigrants coming from countries where antibiotics are available OTC. Many people from these countries who subscribe to this belief obtain antibiotics without the assistance of an American physician.On the brighter side, other studies have demonstrated that most patients are more interested in education than in medication and have demonstrated greater satisfaction when given a diagnosis and information instead of a prescription. These studies imply that patients desire not just our signature on a slip of paper to enable them to purchase an otherwise unobtainable commodity, but they also want from us the commodity that we really do hold exclusively: our insights, our expertise, and our time.The United States continues to be a haven for new immigrants pursuing the American dream. Many of these newcomers are from countries that represent new ethnic groups in the American quilt, and many immigrants are settling in areas that previously were populated predominantly by American-born citizens.These newly arrived members of our community bring a variety of tastes and talents and present a variety of challenges to our health care system. From language barriers to differing cultural understandings of disease to varying medication-seeking behaviors, navigation through our health care system is fraught with frustration and uncertainty for many newcomers.Although many physicians have not had the opportunity to care for recent immigrants, new and surprising data on recent immigration trends demonstrate that physicians soon may find themselves in this unexpected situation. Immigration into the United States is on a rebound from its nadir in the 1970s, and recent data confirm this continued ascent. Immigration was at its peak in the year 1900, when immigrants accounted for approximately 15% of the American population. This figure declined steadily from the 1920s through 1970, when only 4.7% of the United States population was comprised of immigrants. Since that time, this trend has reversed, and immigrants now account for 10% of the current population or 26 million Americans residents. This trend is accelerating, showing no evidence of abating.At the beginning of the 20th century, 86% of immigrants to America originated from Europe, but Latin America is the original home to more than 50% of today’s American immigrants. Another 25% originate from Asia, with Europeans accounting for only 17% of newcomers.California remains the most popular destination, with 30% of all immigrants settling in this economically, culturally, and geographically diverse state. New York, New Jersey, Florida, Texas, and Illinois account for the permanent homes of another 30% of all immigrants. However, data from the past few years demonstrate an influx of immigrants inland, with North Carolina, Nevada, Kansas, and Indiana experiencing a 50% increase in their immigrant populations in the past 10 years.As was true for all of our ancestors, today’s immigrants have come for the American dream and are willing to work diligently to acquire it and to pass on this opportunity to their children. Of all immigrants, 66% are employed, and excluding Mexican immigrants, 70% are covered by private or public insurance. Fueling many popular misconceptions regarding immigrants and immigration is the finding that the largest number of immigrants is from Mexico, and most of these people are uninsured. However, only a slight majority of this population is uninsured; 33% of Mexican immigrants pay for private insurance and another 15% carry Medicaid. Vietnamese, Cuban, Russian, Chinese, and Filipino immigrants are covered by private insurance at a rate of 50% to 70%.These people represent a significant market that can and does pay for medical care, yet they are experiencing a variety of obstacles to obtaining services, including language barriers as well as fears both real and perceived, especially regarding discrimination and encounters with immigration authorities. Statistics demonstrate that these barriers have a significant impact, with immigrants seeking primary care and emergency department visits at a rate approximately 70% less than that of the native-born population.Hawaii, particularly in the Honolulu area, is one of the most multicultural populations in the world, with active communities and individual immigrants from a variety of areas throughout Asia, Oceania, North America, Latin America, Africa, and Europe. Each ethnic culture has a variety of home remedies for the common cold that have been used, sometimes for generations. These interventions have had no reported adverse effects and are no less efficacious than many of the costly and potentially dangerous prescription and OTC medications used for URIs.The objective of this article is to provide the practitioner with a database of the terms used for the “common cold” in a variety of languages, along with the home remedies common in specific cultures (TableT1).Armed with this information, the practitioner can relay the diagnosis to the patient or parent in his or her native language and suggest a native home remedy. This approach has served well in communicating with patients and parents in a manner in which they acknowledge a sudden understanding of the disease process. It also has helped educate patients and parents that antibiotics are not useful and that prescription and OTC medications are unnecessary.Many misunderstandings can result in frustration when it becomes evident that the physician is not going to deliver a medication to “cure” this condition. When this information is delivered in a lighthearted and friendly manner, along with a demeanor that acknowledges the futility of medications for this condition, I have found that it can diffuse the frustrations associated with a patient’s sudden realization of the limitations of Western medicine. It also serves to reach out to the patient in a manner that acknowledges an insight into his or her unique background.Taking the time to educate patients and parents on the cause, natural history, and treatments (or futility thereof) for the common cold, along with specific indications of symptoms that would imply the necessity for medications or for returning for re-evaluation, can be effective. This may result in cost savings in medications for the initial visit, may reduce future visits due to a better understanding of the symptoms of this common ailment, and even may improve the patient’s satisfaction with the visit and with the practitioner.The database in this article has been obtained from a variety of patients presenting to the Kaiser Permanente Honolulu Pediatric Clinic. Immigrant patients were asked the term for the common cold as well as the home remedy used in their home country. Most of these home remedies have been verified by other patients from the same background.Interestingly, Polynesians have no term for the common cold in their native languages and have no indigenous remedy for this condition. Some islands have adopted the English vernacular in terms such as “flu” in Samoa or a pidgin combination of terms such as “hanabata” in Hawaii (nose “hana” from Japanese, combined with butter or “bata” in Pidgin English). The people of Pohnpei simply named it for its origin, “Somau en wai,” or “the disease of foreigners.” In our new world of modern transportation, no one is so remote as to be isolated from the common cold. Pachter and colleagues demonstrated a variety of home remedies used by newly arrived European immigrants. This article is presented with the hope of complementing the knowledge base begun by that group.This database has been provided in the spirit of assisting physicians in educating patients that Western medicine has not yet identified a cure for this condition and doing so in a manner that recognizes the patient’s own cultural uniqueness as well as demonstrating the similarity among all peoples.“She has a ‘sipon’; all she needs is warm water with kalamansi.”“He has a ‘gan mao’; all he needs is tea made from ginger with green onion.”“She has a ‘resfrio’; all she needs is tea with honey and lemon.”A communication such as this delivered in a lighthearted and friendly tone usually can allay a patient’s concerns and often results in a pleasantly startled acknowledgment.Medications for the common cold are both potentially dangerous and predominantly ineffective and often are sought by immigrant patients as well as American-born citizens. Immigrants comprise an enlarging population throughout many new areas of the United States. While contributing significantly to our cultural and economic health, immigrants experience a variety of barriers in health care. Culturally respectful care, such as the approach described, could begin to break down some of those barriers.Reaching out to these patients in a manner that is personable, friendly, and respectful of their unique background can result in both personal and economic rewards from this largely insured yet underserved population. The database provided and the approach suggested may help the medical community take a small step toward that goal." @default.
• W4233565668 created "2022-05-12" @default.
• W4233565668 creator A5046937371 @default.
• W4233565668 date "2005-05-01" @default.
• W4233565668 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W4233565668 title "A Multicultural Approach to the Patient Who Has a Common Cold" @default.
• W4233565668 cites W2009626049 @default.
• W4233565668 cites W2033481533 @default.
• W4233565668 cites W2113151406 @default.
• W4233565668 cites W2130605490 @default.
• W4233565668 cites W2130672285 @default.
• W4233565668 cites W4206247177 @default.
• W4233565668 doi "https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.26.5.170" @default.
• W4233565668 hasPublicationYear "2005" @default.
• W4233565668 type Work @default.
• W4233565668 citedByCount "0" @default.
• W4233565668 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W4233565668 hasAuthorship W4233565668A5046937371 @default.
• W4233565668 hasConcept C15744967 @default.
• W4233565668 hasConcept C177713679 @default.
• W4233565668 hasConcept C19417346 @default.
• W4233565668 hasConcept C203014093 @default.
• W4233565668 hasConcept C2778136109 @default.
• W4233565668 hasConcept C542530943 @default.
• W4233565668 hasConcept C71924100 @default.
• W4233565668 hasConceptScore W4233565668C15744967 @default.
• W4233565668 hasConceptScore W4233565668C177713679 @default.
• W4233565668 hasConceptScore W4233565668C19417346 @default.
• W4233565668 hasConceptScore W4233565668C203014093 @default.
• W4233565668 hasConceptScore W4233565668C2778136109 @default.
• W4233565668 hasConceptScore W4233565668C542530943 @default.
• W4233565668 hasConceptScore W4233565668C71924100 @default.
• W4233565668 hasIssue "5" @default.
• W4233565668 hasLocation W42335656681 @default.
• W4233565668 hasOpenAccess W4233565668 @default.
• W4233565668 hasPrimaryLocation W42335656681 @default.
• W4233565668 hasRelatedWork W2028987338 @default.
• W4233565668 hasRelatedWork W2096373624 @default.
• W4233565668 hasRelatedWork W2105681129 @default.
• W4233565668 hasRelatedWork W2328872119 @default.
• W4233565668 hasRelatedWork W2399677346 @default.
• W4233565668 hasRelatedWork W32673959 @default.
• W4233565668 hasRelatedWork W4252371801 @default.
• W4233565668 hasRelatedWork W4310704848 @default.
• W4233565668 hasRelatedWork W174657604 @default.
• W4233565668 hasRelatedWork W2465644420 @default.
• W4233565668 hasVolume "26" @default.
• W4233565668 isParatext "false" @default.
• W4233565668 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W4233565668 workType "article" @default.