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- W4233992365 abstract "Between primitivity and antiquity — the classical empires of the Mediterranean, the ancient Middle East, pre-Muslim India and Han China — there was a great gulf fixed. It was a gulf not of technology, for here antiquity was conservative rather than innovative, but of management: politics in the west, bureaucracy in the east. Both politics and bureaucracy required the new higher literacy of classical languages embodied in canonical texts: Homer, the Zend Avesta, the Vedas and Upanishads, and the five Confucian classics. Pre-classical language, mainly unwritten, was confined to the spatial, the specific, the objective, the human and the concrete. Classical language, essentially written, provided concepts for the temporal, the generic, the subjective, the divine and the abstract. The new classical languages everywhere widened horizons, but they created a deep social division between those who possessed the new literacy, the aristocracy and urban males with a minimum degree of leisure, and those who did not, women and country people — farmers, fishermen and miners. Antiquity was elitist, sexist and also generalist. If it refused technical professionalism, this was not due to slavery or to disdain of the banausic, but to a well-founded conviction that this was not then the best line of advance." @default.
- W4233992365 created "2022-05-12" @default.
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- W4233992365 date "1992-01-01" @default.
- W4233992365 modified "2023-09-30" @default.
- W4233992365 title "Antiquity" @default.
- W4233992365 cites W1987754260 @default.
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- W4233992365 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21841-7_2" @default.
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