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• W4234466058 abstract "Abstract The approach to assessing the risks of noncancer toxicity generally differs from that used to assess the potential risks of carcinogenicity. Assessment of risks of carcinogenicity most often assumes that a small number of molecular events can evoke mutagenic changes in a single cell, ultimately leading to self‐replicating damage and carcinogenicity. Generally, this is considered a nonthreshold effect because presumably no level of exposure does not pose a small, but finite, probability of generating a response. In contrast, it is most often assumed that noncarcinogenic changes have a threshold, a dose level below which a response is unlikely, because homeostatic, compensating, and adaptive mechanisms in the cell protect against toxic effects. This chapter describes the general framework for noncancer risk assessment and some salient principles for evaluating the quality of data and formulating judgments about the nature and magnitude of the noncancer hazard. Highlights of noncancer risk assessment methods used by a variety of agencies and organizations, and examples of how occupational risk assessment is moving toward a more systematic use of risk assessment principles are presented. This chapter also has several specific aims. The first is to provide scientifically supportable quantitative risk assessment procedures to meet the risk assessment goals listed following. A second aim is to provide a scientific rationale that may be used to deter‐mine whether new quantitative risk assessment procedures not specifically examined in this chapter are scientifically supportable. The final aim of this chapter is to provide a basis for developing new or improved quantitative risk assessment procedures. The quantitative risk assessment procedures described in this chapter have been developed to meet some of the risk assessment goals for various purposes. Although the protection of the public and occupational health is a common theme that runs through these separate risk assessment goals, they are sufficiently different to warrant separate and distinct procedures. Examples of such goals are to rank chemicals as to possible hazard to determine and/or estimate a level of daily exposure that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime to determine and/or estimate the likely human response to exposure to various levels of a particular chemical Moreover, differing amounts of toxicity data are needed for various quantitative procedures. Thus, the amount of data available affects the choice of procedure." @default.
• W4234466058 created "2022-05-12" @default.
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• W4234466058 date "2001-04-16" @default.
• W4234466058 modified "2023-10-10" @default.
• W4234466058 title "Noncancer Risk Assessment: Principles and Practice in Environmental and Occupational Settings" @default.
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• W4234466058 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/0471435139.tox005" @default.
• W4234466058 hasPublicationYear "2001" @default.
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