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- W4235047679 abstract "Introduction: Organ transplantation is the most effective treatment for end stage organ failure, but almost all transplants fail due to immune-mediated rejection. Vascular rejection is a component of acute rejection and contributes to the development of transplant arteriosclerosis, which is a main cause of chronic heart transplant failure. The endogenous gut microbiota influences many immunological processes and its disruption with antibiotics affects several immunopathological conditions but little is known about how these microbes affect organ graft rejection. Methods: Aortic interposition grafts were performed from Balb/c donor mice into the infrarenal aorta of allogeneic C57Bl/6 recipient mice. The gut microbiota was disrupted in graft recipients starting as neonates using an antibiotic cocktail (ampicillin, vancomycin, metronidazole, neomycin sulfate) in their drinking water. Results: Mice treated with antibiotics showed significantly decreased bacterial load in fecal samples as well as reduced splenic Tregs. In transplant recipients, ablation of gut bacteria with antibiotics led to a significant loss of medial area, reflective of increased acute rejection, but no difference in intimal thickening, reflective of transplant arteriosclerosis. Antibiotic treatment for only the first three weeks of life was sufficient to increase acute rejection. There was significantly more infiltration of CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, and neutrophils into arteries transplanted into antibiotic-treated mice as compared to untreated counterparts. Further, treatment of graft recipients with antibiotics led to greater production of IFNg, IL-17 and IL-4 by T cells after transplantation and this was related to reduced expression of Foxp3, indicative of fewer Tregs. Conclusion: Disruption of the gut microbiota with antibiotics alters allogeneic immune responses and increases the development of acute vascular rejection." @default.
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- W4235047679 date "2017-05-01" @default.
- W4235047679 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W4235047679 title "Disruption of the Gut Microbiota with Antibiotics Increases Acute Vascular Rejection" @default.
- W4235047679 doi "https://doi.org/10.1097/01.tp.0000520378.91570.7e" @default.
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