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• W4235087356 abstract "The introductory chapter tackles the fundamental problem of social, physical, and environmental effects of earthquakes and seismic disasters in developing countries by multidisciplinary approach, which will be expanded throughout the book. The chapter starts by asking some essential questions and tries to answer them in this and the following chapters. Some of the answers provided in this book inevitably become questions for further investigation and research projects for the scientists, engineers, architects, and authorities throughout the developing world. The chapter deals with the root causes of the unfathomable death tolls and complete destruction of the seismic past, present, and future, with emphasis on the several thousand years of earthquake history on the Iranian plateau. Since 1900, medium- to large-magnitude earthquakes in Iran have killed more than 164,000 people. The Iranian plateau has experienced about 17 earthquakes with M > 7.0 (approximately one every 6.6 years), more than 100 earthquakes with 6.0 < M < 6.9 (one every 1.1 years); and more than 180 earthquakes with 5.5 < M < 5.9 (one every 7.5 months), culminating in a very large and excruciating death toll averaging 1577 persons/year. During this short period of 114 years, 16 cities and towns were completely destroyed, 10 cities and towns were severely damaged, and tens of thousands of villages were completely leveled (for a complete list of seismic parameters, destruction, and death toll statistics see the complete catalogue presented as Tables 17.10–17.1217.1017.1117.12 in Chapter 17). Poor risk governance; lack of accountability; lack of an earthquake management plan as a disaster prevention tool and risk reduction program; corruption; poor construction practices; lack of building code enforcement; and lack of communication between governments and scientific, engineering, and architectural communities are among the numerous factors exposing regional people to extreme earthquake risk and seismic disaster in the developing seismic-prone countries." @default.
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• W4235087356 date "2014-01-01" @default.
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• W4235087356 title "Introduction" @default.
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• W4235087356 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-63292-0.09991-9" @default.
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