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- W4235128307 abstract "Abstract Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) is a technique involving surgery and radiation therapy whereby a patient undergoes surgery for partial or complete removal of a tumor or for exposure of the malignant tissue or organ and, before closing the incision, the site of the tumor is irradiated with either X‐rays or electrons. The rationale for this treatment modality is that the dose that can be safely delivered to a tumor in the body by external radiation is limited by normal tissue tolerance of intervening tissues. By removing normal tissue and organs from the field, the area of disease can be treated to a higher dose with the intent of increasing the local control of the disease. The technique of IORT has been applied to many sites in the body including rectum, pancreas, retroperitoneal sarcoma, bladder, breast, and head and neck. Intraoperative radiotherapy is a specialized technique that requires a well‐trained team of surgeons, oncologists, medical physicists, therapists and nurses, as well as specialized equipment for a successful program. IORT has been performed sporadically since the earliest days of radiotherapy, when kilovoltage X‐rays were the only radiation modality available, but it was not until the 1960s and the advent of linear accelerators with electron beams that IORT became a widely used modality. Interest continued to be strong until the 1990s, but then began to wane slightly due to the high cost of equipment, the time and number of staff to perform the treatments, and reimbursement issues. However, since the late 1990s, mobile linear accelerators have become available and this has increased interest in IORT, particularly in the field of breast cancer treatment. Currently, ∼ 26 of these mobile units have been installed in the United States and Europe by three manufacturers. Alternative techniques using photons have also found increasing use in IORT, particularly brachytherapy techniques using 192 Ir radioactive sources and, to a lesser extent, low energy photons. This article will review the history of IORT, the equipment that is needed for the procedure, the dosimetry and radiation safety aspects, clinical results, and future directions." @default.
- W4235128307 created "2022-05-12" @default.
- W4235128307 creator A5027588282 @default.
- W4235128307 date "2006-04-14" @default.
- W4235128307 modified "2023-10-10" @default.
- W4235128307 title "Radiotherapy, Intraoperative" @default.
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- W4235128307 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/0471732877.emd313" @default.
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