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• W4235581522 abstract "Former President of Uruguay and oncologist. Born on Jan 17, 1940, in Montevideo, Uruguay, he died from lung cancer there on Dec 6, 2020, aged 80 years. Tabaré Vázquez won many victories in his lifetime, including twice being elected President of Uruguay. But for the oncologist turned politician, one of his most important triumphs was in public health. In 2006, during his first presidential term, Vázquez spearheaded Uruguay's move to become the first country in the region to prohibit smoking in enclosed places and workplaces and later oversaw the introduction of strict new tobacco packaging regulations, including graphic health warnings. In response, the tobacco giant Philip Morris filed a US$25 million claim against Uruguay in 2010. “It was very risky for Uruguay”, said Eduardo Cazap, President of the Latin American and Caribbean Society of Medical Oncology. “The amount of Philip Morris's claim could really put Uruguay into bankruptcy. For a small economy it was a terrible amount.” In July, 2016, a World Bank arbitration tribunal dismissed the suit. “The attempts of the tobacco companies have been roundly rejected”, Vázquez said after the decision. “It is not acceptable to prioritise commercial considerations over the fundamental right to health and life.” Although Vázquez positioned the decision as “an achievement of all, the whole of Uruguayan society, he was the real leader of this endeavour”, Cazap said. Alvaro Luongo, the Director of Uruguay's National Cancer Institute in Montevideo, described Vázquez's pioneering work in tobacco control as a significant accomplishment in a remarkable career. “He has left a very solid legacy on the medical field, in politics, and in our culture as a whole, but most of all he is an example of how to behave as a human”, Luongo said. Vázquez studied medicine at the Universidad de la Republica in Montevideo, graduating in 1969. His studies included training in public hospitals. In a 2017 interview, he said the experience “drew me to public health practice, and later, a public health policy that strives to improve the quality of health care and patients' quality of life.” He went on to specialise in oncology, choosing the field partly after losing a sister and both parents to cancer in the 1960s. He built his reputation as a physician, establishing a clinic in one of Montevideo's underserved communities, and climbed the ranks of the country's medical institutions. That included being named chief of the radiotherapy services at the Ministry of Public Health's National Institute of Oncology in 1981 and 4 years later Director of Radiotherapy Services at the Universidad de la Republica's Department of Oncology. He also served as a Professor of Oncology at the university. Diego Touya, the Chief of Oncology Services and Director of the Molecular Oncology Laboratory at Hospital Maciel in Montevideo, first met Vázquez as an oncology student. “He was “a professor with great quality and simplicity to translate knowledge and experience in oncology”, Touya recalled. Cazap, who first met Vázquez in 1985, remembers “a young doctor, but also a young person fighting for human rights and political benefits for the country”. Still, his decision to move into politics took his physician friends by surprise. Although he had engaged in left-wing politics, “he hadn't been a political militant, nor did he have a political background, at least not that it was prominently visible to us. But his political path became as clear to him as his medical choice”, Luongo said. Elected Mayor of Montevideo in an economic downturn in 1989, Vázquez oversaw an effort to decentralise the city's health-care system and pushed for food, transportation, and housing benefits. After two unsuccessful runs for president as the candidate of the Frente Amplio political coalition, his eventual victory in 2004 ended over a century of conservative rule in the country. Health care was a priority during his two, non-consecutive presidential terms, the last of which ended in March, 2020. His fight for tobacco control contributed to a 13% relative decline in adult smoking between 2009 and 2017 in Uruguay, as he also pushed the country towards achieving universal health coverage, with a particular focus on primary health care and prevention of non-communicable diseases. In his first term, he vetoed a law that would have decriminalised abortion. “He was a keystone for making an integrated health system in which Uruguayans of all levels of income have access to the same treatments whether these are simple or sophisticated”, Luongo said. After stepping down from office and despite his lung cancer diagnosis, Vázquez continued to focus on improving health-care policy, including collaborating on a paper about managing cancer as the region emerged from the COVID-19 pandemic that was finalised just before his death. He received many awards throughout his career, including being named a Public Health Hero of the Americas by the Pan American Health Organization and WHO. Vázquez, whose wife died in 2019, is survived by their four sons and nine grandchildren." @default.
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• W4235581522 date "2021-02-01" @default.
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• W4235581522 title "Tabaré Vázquez" @default.
• W4235581522 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00256-7" @default.
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