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- W4238974310 abstract "Cellular metabolism is divided into catabolism — responsible for converting nutrients into the energy sources and smaller molecules required for the chemical reactions of the body — and anabolism, which is the interconversion and synthesis of the molecules that maintain the body’s structure and function. This chapter examines the control of metabolism and the central metabolic pathways. Such control includes compartmentalization of metabolic processes and the cooperation between the metabolic activities of different organs. Metabolic control is important because metabolism must match the availability of nutrients to the demand for the products of the metabolic processes and both will vary over time. The synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), with its high-energy phosphate bond, lies at the heart of these central metabolic pathways. Most of the ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria, but glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle) provide additional amounts. Of the nutrients entering the body from the diet, fat, glucose, and amino acids are the main fuels for cellular metabolism. The utilization of lipids, fatty acids, and ketone bodies is important in metabolism in addition to the key role played by glucose. Glucose is the fuel for energy production in glycolysis. It is also manufactured by gluconeogenesis and stored as glycogen by glycogenesis. It is important to know how different organs utilize different fuels and how energy production alters between the fed state and starvation. Amino-acid metabolism and coenzymes in amino acid oxidation are also important although some details, including the urea cycle, have not been covered here. Energy balance and the relationship between food intake and energy expenditure lead to the concept of body mass index (BMI). The BMI offers a quick method of quantifying the nutritional status of a person, and BMI values may be helpful in assessing the risk of, for example, obesity-related diseases such as type II diabetes and coronary heart disease. Cellular metabolism not only contributes to the medical sciences background to clinical reasoning, but there are also a number of identifiable, inborn errors of metabolism. While individually rare (with incidences of approx. 1–25 per 100,000 births), collectively they present a considerable number of new cases each year." @default.
- W4238974310 created "2022-05-12" @default.
- W4238974310 date "2012-04-05" @default.
- W4238974310 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W4238974310 title "Cellular metabolism" @default.
- W4238974310 doi "https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199605071.003.0014" @default.
- W4238974310 hasPublicationYear "2012" @default.
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