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- W4239234290 abstract "Abstract Background In modern society, humans spend 60–70% of their time at home, housing environment is of great importance to health. In support of the importance, WHO issued Housing and Health Guidelines in 2018. The guidelines show that cold indoor temperatures have adverse health consequences, and suggest a recommended indoor temperature of 18°C. However, it is unclear who lives in cold homes in real-world settings. We aimed to examine “what are the common characteristics of residents who live in low-indoor-temperature environments.” Methods We conducted a nationwide survey on indoor temperature who intended to conduct insulation retrofitting in Japan. Indoor temperature was measured in the living room, bedroom, and changing room for 2 weeks in winter seasons (November−March) of 2014 to 2019. The relationship between characteristics of residents and living room temperature was analyzed using a multilevel model. Results Cross-sectional analyses involving 2,190 households showed that the average temperature in the living room, bedroom and changing room was 16.8°C, 12.8°C and 13.0°C, respectively. Living room temperature was highest (19.8˚C) in Hokkaido, where outdoor temperatures are lower than in other areas, and lowest (13.1˚C) in Kagawa, which is considered to have a mild climate. A multilevel analysis showed that the odds ratio for living room temperature in the morning falling below 18˚C was 1.38 (95% CI: 1.04−1.84) for the middle income group and 2.07 (95% CI: 1.28−3.33) for the low income group, compared to the high income group. The odds ratio was 1.96 (95% CI: 1.19−3.22) for single-person households, compared to households living with housemates. Furthermore, lower room temperature was also correlated with kotatsu (traditional Japanese local heating device) use and a larger amount of clothes. Conclusions There were disparities in living room temperature within Japan, and they related to socioeconomic status, single-person households and the way of living. These housing disparities have the potential to cause health disparities. We expect these results will be useful in the development of prevention strategies for residents who live in cold homes and the reduction in health disparities." @default.
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- W4239234290 date "2020-02-14" @default.
- W4239234290 modified "2023-09-29" @default.
- W4239234290 title "Disparities of indoor temperature in winter: a cross-sectional analysis of the nationwide Smart Wellness Housing survey in Japan" @default.
- W4239234290 doi "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.23573/v1" @default.
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