FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W4239546008> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W4239546008 abstract "At the end of 2000 it was estimated that over 36 million people were living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This includes 1.4 million children less than 15 years of age. This is one of several reviews assessing the available evidence for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection. The other reviews will address other interventions, including Caesarean section, breast feeding, vaginal lavage and vitamin A supplementation.To assess which antiretroviral therapies may be effective in decreasing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection as well as their effect on neonatal and maternal mortality and morbidity.We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. We also searched conference abstracts from the International AIDS Conferences and Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections.Randomised trials comparing any antiretroviral therapy aimed at decreasing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection with placebo or no treatment, or any two or more antiretroviral therapies or regimens aimed at decreasing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection.Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed trial quality.Zidovudine monotherapy Any zidovudine regimen versus placebo significantly reduces the risk of mother-to-child transmission (Peto odds ratio (OR) 0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35 to 0.60). Zidovudine also appears to decrease the risk of infant death within the first year of birth (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.85) and the risk of maternal death (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.66). There is no evidence that zidovudine influences the incidence of premature delivery (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.29) or low birth weight (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.04). The risk of transmission using a 'short-short' course of zidovudine (from 35 weeks in pregnancy for the mother and for the baby until 3 days old) was higher than the risk using a 'long-long' course (from 28 weeks in pregnancy for the mother and for the baby until 6 weeks old), (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.26 to 5.18). However, the effectiveness of the 'long-short' course (from 28 weeks in pregnancy for the mother and for the baby until 3 days old) and the 'short-long' course (from 35 weeks in pregnancy for the mother and for the baby until 6 weeks old) did not differ from that of the 'long-long' course. Nevirapine One large randomised controlled trial demonstrates that nevirapine given to mothers as a single dose at the onset of labour and to babies as a single dose within 72 hours of birth is more effective than an intrapartum and post-partum regimen of zidovudine (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.79). When nevirapine is given to mothers already receiving standard antiretroviral therapy, however, there appears to be no additional advantage (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.42 to 2.86). Combination Therapy Preliminary findings of the effect of combination therapy using zidovudine and lamivudine (3TC) suggest a decrease in the risk of transmission when the combination is given during the antenatal and intrapartum period or during the intrapartum and postpartum period compared with placebo. There is no evidence that intrapartum zidovudine and lamivudine alone are sufficient to decrease the risk of transmission compared with placebo.Implications for practice The randomised trials included in this review provide evidence that short course zidovudine and single-dose nevirapine are effective therapies for reducing mother-to-child transmission of HIV. The challenge for low and middle income countries will be to institute this therapy in practice. In industrialised countries practice has already moved on from the current evidence and combination antiretroviral therapy aimed primarily at preventing disease progression in the mother is the standard of care. Implications for research The potential value of nevirapine used for longer durations in breastfeeding populations should be considered as it may further reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission, particularly if combined with early weaning. On-going evaluation of combination antiretroviral therapy is essential and will have an immediate benefit for countries with the resources to adopt such treatment. The search for effective, affordable, safe and acceptable alternatives to antiretroviral therapy for reducing mother-to-child transmission in resource poor countries should remain on the research agenda." @default.
• W4239546008 created "2022-05-12" @default.
• W4239546008 creator A5026864424 @default.
• W4239546008 creator A5045743294 @default.
• W4239546008 date "2002-04-22" @default.
• W4239546008 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W4239546008 title "Antiretrovirals for reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection" @default.
• W4239546008 cites W2005206478 @default.
• W4239546008 cites W2007982200 @default.
• W4239546008 cites W2009824933 @default.
• W4239546008 cites W2017519401 @default.
• W4239546008 cites W2037543597 @default.
• W4239546008 cites W2054292852 @default.
• W4239546008 cites W2073831371 @default.
• W4239546008 cites W2083691996 @default.
• W4239546008 cites W2085560533 @default.
• W4239546008 cites W2086040638 @default.
• W4239546008 cites W2101195795 @default.
• W4239546008 cites W2102919880 @default.
• W4239546008 cites W2104853744 @default.
• W4239546008 cites W2113906937 @default.
• W4239546008 cites W2114790957 @default.
• W4239546008 cites W2125436283 @default.
• W4239546008 cites W2155050390 @default.
• W4239546008 cites W2169273126 @default.
• W4239546008 cites W2170947401 @default.
• W4239546008 cites W2275297659 @default.
• W4239546008 cites W2316970929 @default.
• W4239546008 cites W2318503132 @default.
• W4239546008 cites W2337158409 @default.
• W4239546008 cites W2339219218 @default.
• W4239546008 cites W2339995887 @default.
• W4239546008 cites W2527016823 @default.
• W4239546008 cites W4240021512 @default.
• W4239546008 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd003510" @default.
• W4239546008 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11869666" @default.
• W4239546008 hasPublicationYear "2002" @default.
• W4239546008 type Work @default.
• W4239546008 citedByCount "20" @default.
• W4239546008 countsByYear W42395460082012 @default.
• W4239546008 countsByYear W42395460082013 @default.
• W4239546008 countsByYear W42395460082017 @default.
• W4239546008 countsByYear W42395460082022 @default.
• W4239546008 crossrefType "reference-entry" @default.
• W4239546008 hasAuthorship W4239546008A5026864424 @default.
• W4239546008 hasAuthorship W4239546008A5045743294 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConcept C119599485 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConcept C126322002 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConcept C127413603 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConcept C131872663 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConcept C142724271 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConcept C156957248 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConcept C187212893 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConcept C203014093 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConcept C204787440 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConcept C27081682 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConcept C2776279924 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConcept C2776283161 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConcept C2779234561 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConcept C2779703513 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConcept C2780216070 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConcept C2780727368 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConcept C2781413609 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConcept C3013748606 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConcept C54355233 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConcept C71924100 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConcept C761482 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConcept C86803240 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConceptScore W4239546008C119599485 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConceptScore W4239546008C126322002 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConceptScore W4239546008C127413603 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConceptScore W4239546008C131872663 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConceptScore W4239546008C142724271 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConceptScore W4239546008C156957248 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConceptScore W4239546008C187212893 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConceptScore W4239546008C203014093 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConceptScore W4239546008C204787440 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConceptScore W4239546008C27081682 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConceptScore W4239546008C2776279924 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConceptScore W4239546008C2776283161 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConceptScore W4239546008C2779234561 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConceptScore W4239546008C2779703513 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConceptScore W4239546008C2780216070 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConceptScore W4239546008C2780727368 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConceptScore W4239546008C2781413609 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConceptScore W4239546008C3013748606 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConceptScore W4239546008C54355233 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConceptScore W4239546008C71924100 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConceptScore W4239546008C761482 @default.
• W4239546008 hasConceptScore W4239546008C86803240 @default.
• W4239546008 hasLocation W42395460081 @default.
• W4239546008 hasLocation W42395460082 @default.
• W4239546008 hasOpenAccess W4239546008 @default.
• W4239546008 hasPrimaryLocation W42395460081 @default.
• W4239546008 hasRelatedWork W1964354981 @default.
• W4239546008 hasRelatedWork W2082172225 @default.
• W4239546008 hasRelatedWork W2114702044 @default.
• W4239546008 hasRelatedWork W2122297831 @default.
• W4239546008 hasRelatedWork W2143388125 @default.
• W4239546008 hasRelatedWork W2320508866 @default.

• next