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• W4239805346 abstract "Introduction: Epidemiologic evidence of the association between maternal exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of orofacial clefts has been inconsistent. We evaluated whether maternal exposure to elevated county-level ambient fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) or ozone during early gestation was associated with a higher prevalence of orofacial defects. Methods: Birth data from 2001-2007 were obtained from the National Birth Defects Prevention Network for four states — Arizona, Florida, New York (excluding New York City), and Texas. For air pollution exposure, we used county-level average concentrations of PM2.5 and ozone data generated using a Bayesian space-time downscaling fusion model available through Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)’s Environmental Public Health Tracking Network for gestational weeks 5-10. Three outcomes were analyzed separately: cleft lip with or without cleft palate, cleft palate alone, and all orofacial clefts combined. In logistic regression analyses, we adjusted for factors that were suspected confounders of the association between the prevalence of orofacial defects and air pollution. Results: PM2.5 concentration was significantly associated with all orofacial clefts combined (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.04). The association was slightly stronger between PM2.5 concentration and cleft palate alone (OR=1.04; 95% CI: 1.01-1.06). There were no observed associations between ozone exposure and orofacial clefts. Conclusions: This is one of the largest studies of ambient air pollution and orofacial clefts. Our findings add to a mixed literature, but suggest that the association between PM2.5 and orofacial clefts is driven by an association with cleft palate. Given this study’s ecological design in air pollution exposure assessment, replication of these findings in a study with more refined exposure assessment is necessary." @default.
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• W4239805346 date "2016-08-17" @default.
• W4239805346 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W4239805346 title "Maternal exposure to ozone and PM2.5 and the prevalence of orofacial clefts in four U.S. states" @default.
• W4239805346 doi "https://doi.org/10.1289/isee.2016.3144" @default.
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