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- W4240328265 abstract "Abstract. Seasonal ice cover on lakes and polar seas creates seasonally developing boundary layer at the ice base with specific features: fixed temperature at the solid boundary and stable density stratification beneath. Turbulent transport in the boundary layer determines the ice growth and melting conditions at the ice-water interface, especially in large lakes and marginal seas, where large-scale water circulation can produce highly variable mixing conditions. Since the boundary mixing under ice is difficult to measure, existing models of ice cover dynamics usually neglect or parameterize it in a very simplistic form. We present first detailed observations on mixing under ice of Lake Baikal, obtained with the help of advanced acoustic methods. The dissipation rate of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) was derived from correlations (structure functions) of current velocities within the boundary layer. The range of the dissipation rate variability covered 2 orders of magnitude, demonstrating strongly turbulent conditions. Intensity of mixing was closely connected to the mean speeds of the under-ice currents, the latter being of geostrophic origin and having lake-wide scales. Mixing developed on the background of stable density (temperature) stratification, which affected the vertical structure of the boundary layer. To account for stratification effects, we propose a model of the turbulent energy budget based on the length scale incorporating the dissipation rate and the buoyancy frequency (Dougherty-Ozmidov scaling). The model agrees well with the observations and yields a scaling relationship for the ice-water heat flux as a function of the shear velocity squared. The ice-water heat fluxes in the field were the largest among all reported in lakes (up to 40 W m−2) and scaled well against the proposed relationship. The ultimate result consists in a strong dependence of the water-ice heat flux on the shear velocity under ice. The result suggests large errors in the heat flux estimations, when the traditional bulk approach is applied to stratified boundary layers. It also implies that under-ice currents may have much stronger effect on the ice melt than estimated by traditional models." @default.
- W4240328265 created "2022-05-12" @default.
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- W4240328265 date "2019-12-09" @default.
- W4240328265 modified "2023-10-12" @default.
- W4240328265 title "Turbulence in the stratified boundary layer under ice: observations from Lake Baikal and a new similarity model" @default.
- W4240328265 doi "https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-608" @default.
- W4240328265 hasPublicationYear "2019" @default.
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