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- W4240560411 abstract "Editor—We thank Gallart and colleagues for sharing their thoughts and recent experience with the application of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) during one lung ventilation (OLV) in open lung surgery.1Effects of Intraoperative Continuous Airway Pressure (CPAP) on the Inflammatory Response to One-lung Ventilation. NCT01368601.Available from http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01368601Google Scholar They present some methodological questions, and their thoughts on the level of pressure used during CPAP. With respect to the methodology, we used a bronchoscope with a tip diameter of 3.4 mm (Pentax Fl 10- RBS) for endoscopically assisted retrieval of broncho alveolar lavage fluid (BALF). For statistical analysis, we normalized the cytokine data retrieved from the lavage fluid (Ln). We did not normalize the data by alveolar protein content. The pressure level used for CPAP is an interesting topic for debate. CPAP on the non-ventilated lung is a well established first line of defence in case of oxygen desaturation during OLV in thoracic surgery.2Capan LM Turndorf H Patel C et al.Optimization of arterial oxygenation during one-lung anesthesia.Anesth Analg. 1980; 59: 847-851Crossref PubMed Scopus (154) Google Scholar However, visibility of the surgical field can easily be compromised due to partial inflation of the non-ventilated lung. Visibility was disturbed during thoracoscopic esophagectomy in a substantial portion of our patients and required the interruption or cessation of CPAP.3Verhage RJ Boone J Rijkers GT et al.Reduced local immune response with continuous positive airway pressure during one-lung ventilation for oesophagectomy.Br J Anaesth. 2014; 112: 920-928Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (40) Google Scholar It has been described that low-level CPAP (1–2 cm H2O) offers useful increases in oxygenation. A pressure of 2 cm H2O significantly improves PaO2 compared with no CPAP. In turn, 5 cm H2O produces significantly higher PaO2 compared with 2 cm H2O.4Hogue Jr, CW Effectiveness of low levels of nonventilated lung continuous positive airway pressure in improving arterial oxygenation during one-lung ventilation.Anesth Analg. 1994; 79: 364-367Crossref PubMed Scopus (49) Google Scholar, 5El Tahan MR El Ghoneimy Y Regal M et al.Effects of nondependent lung ventilation with continuous positive-pressure ventilation and high-frequency positive-pressure ventilation on right- ventricular function during 1-lung ventilation.Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2010; 14: 291-300Crossref PubMed Scopus (9) Google Scholar However, the focus in our study was not directed at oxygenation. The primary aim was to reduce immunological response associated with pulmonary tissue damage associated because of OLV. Lachman describes the rationale behind reducing shear stress of collapse and reinsufflation, by keeping the alveoli open with PEEP during ventilation.6Lachmann B Open Lung in ARDS.Minerva Anestesiol. 2002; 68: 637-642PubMed Google Scholar Opening of the alveoli requires a high recruitment pressure. Once opened, a lower pressure level is needed for the alveoli to remain open. Pressure levels vary depending on lung compliance. A pathologic lung (e.g. in ARDS) requires higher pressures. However, there is no consensus on the amount of pressure required during thoracic surgery. Variation between patients is very likely to occur, particularly in the population undergoing pulmonary surgery. Gallart and colleagues plan to use CPAP in open lung surgery. We have no experience with CPAP in open surgery as our trial was conducted only in patients undergoing robot assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy.7Boone J Schipper ME Moojen WA et al.Robot-assisted thoracoscopic oesophagectomy for cancer.Br J Surg. 2009; 96: 878-886Crossref PubMed Scopus (118) Google Scholar More recently we have overcome some visibility issues, by using CO2 insufflation in the thoracic cavity. The pressure used for insufflation is 5 mmHg. In our experience, concomitant application of CPAP to the non-ventilated lung and a positive intra-thoracic pressure still improves oxygenation substantially. The translation of this strategy to immunological response is yet unclear. Gallart and colleagues propose the first study protocol of immunological response to OLV, with lower pressure levels of CPAP on the non-ventilated lung. It would also be interesting to test different pressure levels and their effects on cytokine release in one protocol. We look forward to their results and hope that we can compare the outcomes by sharing our methodological procedures." @default.
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- W4240560411 date "2015-06-01" @default.
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- W4240560411 title "Reduced local immune response with continuous positive airway pressure during one-lung ventilation for oesophagectomy" @default.
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- W4240560411 doi "https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aev130" @default.
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