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• W4240717052 abstract "The Heat Efficiency of Thermal Recovery Processes Resulting From Non-Uniform Vertical Temperature Profiles M. Prats M. Prats University of Texas Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Paper presented at the SPE Latin America Petroleum Engineering Conference, Caracas, Venezuela, March 1992. Paper Number: SPE-23744-MS https://doi.org/10.2118/23744-MS Published: March 08 1992 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Get Permissions Search Site Citation Prats, M. The Heat Efficiency of Thermal Recovery Processes Resulting From Non-Uniform Vertical Temperature Profiles. Paper presented at the SPE Latin America Petroleum Engineering Conference, Caracas, Venezuela, March 1992. doi: https://doi.org/10.2118/23744-MS Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll ProceedingsSociety of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)SPE Latin America and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference Search Advanced Search SPE MemberAbstractOriginal analytical results provide estimates of the heat remaining in a homogeneous and uniform reservoir during injection of steam or hot water, for the practical cases where the temperature is not vertically uniform within the reservoir.Temperatures quadratic in the vertical position within the reservoir are used to accommodate the boundary conditions for three cases; steam extends to the boundary of both, only one, or none of the formations above and below the reservoir. The first case corresponds to steam extending over the full thickness of the reservoir, already published. The second case approximates steam flooding with gravity override, and the third case approximates hot water flooding.Two graphs, sufficient to estimate the time dependence of the heat remaining in the reservoir, are provided. Results depend on the thermal properties of the reservoir and its adjacent formations, which may differ. Results also depend on the square of the reservoir thickness and the rate of heat injection.Heat efficiency is defined as the fraction of the injected heat remaining in the reservoir. Comparison of our hot water heat efficiency with Rubinshtein's formal analytical results (for equal thermal properties) shows excellent agreement.The heat in the reservoir is not a function of the injectant temperature a result which had been shown previously only for the case that steam extends over the full reservoir thickness. Nor is the heat efficiency dependent on the rate of heat injection when the latter is constant. Because of low temperatures at the boundaries with the adjacent formations, the heat efficiencies of hot water floods and steam floods with override are higher than those for steam extending over the full reservoir thickness. For hot water floods, the increase is as much as 16%. For steam floods with override the increase is more modest.IntroductionAn important quantity in the design of thermal recovery projects is the fraction of the net heat injected (heat injected less that produced as hot fluids after heat breakthrough into one or more wells) which remains in the reservoir, known as heat efficiency. The rest of the net heat injected is lost to the formations above and below the reservoir.Heat efficiencies have been developed analytically for the cases where the vertical profiles of either temperature or of horizontal flow velocities are vertically uniform within the injection interval. These conditions are not met in practice, leaving the quantitative significance of those calculated heat efficiencies somewhat in doubt.A typical vertical temperature profile for the case of uniform vertical temperature within the reservoir is given by (a) in Figure 1. In many steamfloods the steam rises to the top of the reservoir because of buoyancy forces, and the vertical temperature profile within the reservoir resembles curve (b) in Figure 1. In the absence of strong buoyancy forces, and thief zones, the vertical temperature profile resulting from a hot water flood (or due to conventional waterflood in a normally hot reservoir) would resemble that shown as (c) in Figure 1.This report examines the importance of quadratic rather than uniform vertical temperature profiles within the reservoir on the heat efficiency. As indicated in Figure 1, quadratic temperature profiles within the reservoir are a better approximation than vertically uniform temperatures to what is observed in practice. At the same time the problem remains analytically tractable. In fact, for quadratic vertical problem remains analytically tractable. In fact, for quadratic vertical temperature profiles, the heat efficiency is determined without recourse to any other major assumption.The three coefficients in the quadratic temperature profiles allow the representation of the three cases illustrated in Figure 1, where both (a) only one (b), or none (c) of the temperature gradients within the reservoir vanish at the contact with the adjacent formations. These are referred to as Cases 1, 2, and 3, respectively.P. 301 Keywords: expression, adjacent formation, case 3, reservoir, rubinshtein, case 2, vertical temperature profile, conduction, sagd, cap rock Subjects: Improved and Enhanced Recovery, Thermal methods This content is only available via PDF. 1992. Society of Petroleum Engineers You can access this article if you purchase or spend a download." @default.
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• W4240717052 title "The Heat Efficiency of Thermal Recovery Processes Resulting From Non-Uniform Vertical Temperature Profiles " @default.
• W4240717052 doi "https://doi.org/10.2523/23744-ms" @default.
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