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• W4240968652 abstract "Reviewed by: Jewish Anxiety and the Novels of Philip Roth by Brett Ashley Kaplan Idit Alphandary (bio) Brett Ashley Kaplan. Jewish Anxiety and the Novels of Philip Roth. New York, London: Bloomsbury, 2015. 204 pp. $110.00 Jewish Anxiety and the Novels of Philip Roth suggests that Roth’s oeuvre shows the urgency needed to examine central social and cultural concerns such as race, gender, capitalism, terrorism, and genocide. These universal problems are tied up with unique individuals wrestling with an overwhelming anxiety of victimhood and perpetration. In Roth’s work, the structure of a psyche is immensely consequential at the same time that cultural structures directly affect a person’s ability to remain functional or even sane. According to Kaplan, Roth’s texts pivot on the conviction that “Jewish anxiety stems not only from fear of victimization but also from fear of perpetration” (1). Kaplan returns to basic Freudian notions of anxiety related [End Page 97] to the Oedipus complex and the separation from the mother. Yet she shows that the psychoanalytical structure of anxiety is displaced in Roth’s depiction of Jewish culture because this culture is grounded in a repressed other that Roth’s Jewish protagonist is reluctant to identify with. This other could be either a victim who is a persecuted Jew, or a guilty other person who is a gentile perpetrator—two forms of otherness with which Jews are likely to identify though they struggle against this predicament. Roth’s American Jews do not want to identify with their parents’ generation of Eastern European victims of anti-Semitism in general and particularly of the Holocaust because they sense that American popular culture is receptive to Jews even when it retains a certain antagonism against Jews. In America, unlike in Europe, a Jew could have a meaningful personal and social life if s/he is not swayed by anxiety. At the same time, Roth’s protagonists do not want to identify with the other as a perpetrator. Kaplan gives examples of protagonists who view the parents’ generation as undesirable social role models because they identify with the European perpetrator and become racists. These parents mistake identification with the American racist for social empowerment. The above complexities bring Kaplan to the conclusion that on the one hand, Roth’s portrayal of America and other nationalities is mediated through “the threat of the Holocaust” (11). On the other hand, particularly frightening is the temptation to identify with the oppressor and perpetrate anti-black, anti-Arab, or sexist actions in order to feel that even if one is a Jew one can still be a dominant power with whom the disempowered other must reckon within the politics of the American racial and gender divide and in view of the Israeli/ Palestinian conflict where Israelis are seen as empowered Jews who are able to suppress the Palestinians Right from the beginning, according to Kaplan, “Goodbye, Columbus” complicates the issues of race and economy. In Newark a working-class Jew and an African-American have more in common than does the protagonist Neil Klugman with the new money that Brenda Patimkin’s rich Jewish family has. Yet a poor Jew and a youth from a black neighborhood are stranded in deep racial divides even if they are both rejected by the “white” standard that the Patimkin family represents. In “Goodbye, Columbus,” for example, a young, black reader comes into the library where Neil works to leaf through reproductions of Tahitian women painted by Gauguin. When Neil explains that the painter is white, the boy replies that he knew it all along. A clear hierarchy separates the white librarian Neil and the white painter Gauguin, the beholders and producers of cultural knowledge, from the black, “ignorant” reader, and to Neil’s dismay the gap between the races remains intact to the end of the story even if Neil does not perpetrate racism against the young library visitor. In Portnoy’s Complaint, Portnoy does not have the luxury of being a self-hating Jew, and thus of identifying with the perpetrators, however, because he is also a victim of Jewish parents who are indebted to ancestors who emigrated from Europe to America before..." @default.
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• W4240968652 date "2016-01-01" @default.
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• W4240968652 doi "https://doi.org/10.5703/philrothstud.12.1.97" @default.
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