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• W4241492671 endingPage "171" @default.
• W4241492671 startingPage "125" @default.
• W4241492671 abstract "Studies measuring genetic gain with maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids released by DuPont Pioneer1 were initiated in 1972. Previous reports of genetic gain at optimum planting density were 92 kg ha−1 yr−1 (1.5 bu ac−1 yr−1) for 1930 to 1980 and 77 kg ha−1 yr−1 (1.2 bu ac−1 yr−1) for 1930 to 2001. We report a genetic gain of 87.6 kg ha−1 yr−1 (1.4 bu ac−1 yr−1) for hybrids released from 1930 to 2011 and planted at optimum density in the target production environment (TPE), 79.6 to 90.8 kg ha−1 yr−1 (1.3–1.5 bu ac−1 yr−1) when grown in well-watered environments, and 49.9 to 59.1 kg ha−1 yr−1 (0.8–0.9 bu ac−1 yr−1) when grown in drought stress environments. Genetic gain estimates were higher for a subset of single-cross hybrids when measured in the TPE (92.2 kg ha−1 yr−1 or 1.5 bu ac−1 yr−1) and in Viluco, Chile for both well-watered (95.5 kg ha−1 yr−1 or 1.5 bu ac−1 yr−1) and drought stressed (61.5 kg ha−1 or 1 bu ac−1 yr−1) environments. Genetic gain contributions to yield increases during 1930 to 2011 were 79% (TPE) and 59 to 67% (well watered); for single-cross hybrids during 1963 to 2011, genetic gain contributions were 74% (TPE) and 66 to 77% (well watered). The effects of weather on yield trends were minimal and very dependent on annual fluctuations contributing an upward bias of 1.3 kg ha−1 yr−1 (0.02 bu ac−1 yr−1) during 1950 to 2011. The mean contribution to yield from +Cry1Ab resistance to attack by the European corn borer (ECB) (Ostrinia nubialis Hubner) was 565 kg ha−1 (9 bu ac−1). Tassel size continued to decrease, but erectness of the leaves plateaued. Trends toward shorter anther silk intervals and improved stalk and root lodging continued, while resistance to barrenness and improvement in stay-green peaked. Potential yields (PYs) showed no signs of plateauing. Increased rainfed yields are dependent on continued increases in genetic gain. Irrigated farm yields (FYs) may be less amenable to genetic gain and more dependent on improved farm management. We anticipate an increased rate of genetic gain of 126 kg ha−1 yr−1 (2 bu ac−1 yr−1) for 2015 and subsequent years under rainfed conditions provided that investments in maize breeding continue and there is no substantial change in the economics of maize production. More effective use of genetic diversity and crop management will allow U.S. maize breeders and farmers to accommodate climate change for the foreseeable future." @default.
• W4241492671 created "2022-05-12" @default.
• W4241492671 creator A5028619572 @default.
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• W4241492671 date "2015-10-26" @default.
• W4241492671 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W4241492671 title "Maize" @default.
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