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• W4241655276 abstract " Reviews Animal Languages in the Middle Ages: Representations of Interspecies Communication . Ed. by A L. (e New Middle Ages) Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. . xv+ pp. €. (ebk €.). ISBN ––––  (ebk ––––). e twelve essays collected in this volume comprise a varied and stimulating contribution to the thriving field of scholarly discourse on medieval ‘animalities’—the study of the intersection and interaction of the human and non-human worlds, oen from the perspective of posthumanism. eir general focus is on medieval representations of animal utterances and other non-verbal modes of communication in order to interrogate medieval attitudes to the supposed dichotomy between human and non-human animals. ey also explore many pressing questions about interspecies communication generally, utilizing modern cultural and scientific discoveries, many of which suggest that medieval authors may have been more intuitively sympathetic to the animals with which they shared the world than has previously been supposed. An important stated objective is to recover a sense of what has been termed ‘the animal real’ (p. ), although this is more apparent in some essays than in others. e collection is divided into three parts, namely () ‘Communicating through Animals’ (Chapters –), () ‘Recovering Animal Languages’ (Chapters –), and () ‘Embodied Language and Interspecies Dependence ’ (Chapters –). A wide range of sources is examined, including works of religious instruction, hagiography, poetic metre, Middle English and French poetry, and treatises on the care and training of horses, among others. e writers are well aware of their precursors in medieval animality studies— notably Jeffrey Jerome Cohen, Susan Crane, and Carolynn van Dyke (who contributes Chapter  to this volume)—and are accordingly at pains both to build on those scholars’ work and to strike out in fresh directions. To this end, Robert Stanton (Chapter , pp. –) raises a fascinating topic by asking how animals might have sounded—and been considered to have sounded—in past ages, as part of his analysis of the lists of animal vocalizations known as voces animantium (‘voices of animate things’) found in Old English. Meanwhile, Elizabeth S. Leet’s examination of the principles of natural horsemanship espoused by Jordanus Rufus (Chapter , pp. –) offers valuable counter-evidence to many prevailing theories about interspecies communication in the Middle Ages being based exclusively on innate human superiority, and hence mastery and violence. Likewise, Michelle M. Hamilton’s essay (Chapter , pp. –) on a speaking phoenix in an Andalusian Arabic narrative, the ‘Maqāma of the Phoenix’, and its attendant consideration of Arabic and Persian literary traditions that debate the importance of speech in both animals and humans, provides a welcome broadening of the focus of this collection beyond the Western Christian world. In general, the essays make for absorbing reading, although some would have benefited from more rigorous editing and proof-reading to avoid repetition, ensure orthographical consistency, and avoid simple errors (e.g. Barlaam for Balaam, p. ). Occasionally an argument can seem forced, as when Sara Petrosillo (Chapter , pp. –) finds an implied pun on MLR, .,   faukoun as ‘falcon/false cunt’ (derived from an Old French fabliau) in Chaucer’s description of Criseyde as one who is ‘As fressh as faukoun comen out of muwe’ (p. ); or when Carolynn van Dyke insists on reading the Middle English noun leden in its etymological sense of ‘Latin’, even when applied to the vocalizations of birds (pp. –). Elsewhere, wider generic reading could have been useful, for if Francine McGregor (Chapter , pp. –) had consulted some medieval English hawking treatises she would have found that a malady of the foot, variously called peyne or pyne, was not restricted to horses. U  J D S-M Women of Words in ‘Le Morte Darthur’: e Autonomy of Speech in Malory’s Female Characters. By S M. W. (Arthurian and Courtly Cultures ) London: Palgrave Macmillan. . xi+ pp. £. (ebk £.). ISBN –––– (ebk ––––). is welcome addition to the scholarly field of Arthurian gender studies sets out to consider the characterization of Sir omas Malory’s female characters through their speech and dialogue in Le Morte Darthur (c. ). Given Malory’s propensity for plot-driven, action-based narrative—as opposed to the emotional and psychological insights provided into Arthurian characters by some other romance authors (such as Chrétien de Troyes)—Malory’s methods of characterization have long interested..." @default.
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