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- W4244256411 abstract "Aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD) refers to stenotic or occlusive disease of the infrarenal aorta and iliac arteries, and is a significant cause of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Epidemiologic studies reporting on PAD include both AIOD and infrainguinal arterial disease, with most patients having multilevel disease. Although more than half of patients with PAD can have a component of AIOD, femoropopliteal and infrageniculate disease are more common causes of PAD. PAD is uncommon before age 50 but increases to around 20% over the age of 60 and over 40% over the age of 85.The prevalence of PAD is most commonly assessed with ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) or by questionnaires. An ABI of <0.9 is used in clinical practice and epidemiologic studies to diagnose PAD, identifying both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The prevalence of asymptomatic PAD is reported as up to 11% and is higher in women than in men. The prevalence of PAD is higher in low- and middle-income countries compared with high-income countries and varies by ethnicity, with higher rates reported in African Americans. Risk factors for PAD are well established. Patients with AIOD are more likely to be smokers and have a 2.5–3.5-fold risk of mortality and cardiovascular events compared with those with distal PAD , whereas patients with diabetes mellitus are more likely to have tibial disease as the cause of PAD. Global smoking trends show a significant decrease in the prevalence of tobacco use in high-income countries but increasing use of tobacco in low- and middle-income countries. At the same time there has been a doubling of the prevalence of diabetes mellitus between 1980 and 2014. This is likely to impact the future disease localization in PAD with increasing tibial disease and stable or declining AIOD." @default.
- W4244256411 created "2022-05-12" @default.
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- W4244256411 date "2020-01-01" @default.
- W4244256411 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W4244256411 title "Revascularization" @default.
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- W4244256411 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-61204-3.00013-0" @default.
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