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- W4244487461 abstract "Proficiency is often used to refer to how effectively (or not) a speaker or learner of English can communicate in a language for a variety of purposes and includes having operational skills in all areas of that language, including speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Related terms that are used to describe proficiency include fluency, accuracy, and competence. Proficiency is most often described in terms of bands or levels that are derived from the results of linguistic proficiency assessment tests. Given the changing context of English as an international language (EIL), proficiency may need to be reevaluated and measured not in relation to norms of traditional Anglophone countries, but norms that are based on EIL users' needs and desired learner identities and encompass locally and contextually determined norms. In addition, acquiring proficiency might also mean that EIL learners need to be able to accommodate the various styles and pragmatic and sociolinguistic norms of the different global varieties of English." @default.
- W4244487461 created "2022-05-12" @default.
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- W4244487461 date "2018-01-18" @default.
- W4244487461 modified "2023-10-12" @default.
- W4244487461 title "Describing Proficiency" @default.
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- W4244487461 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0684" @default.
- W4244487461 hasPublicationYear "2018" @default.
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