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- W4244550488 abstract "Trotsky (1879–1940) was a major thinker, orator, and prolific writer, who also displayed considerable talents for political and military leadership and organization. He was the chief organizer of the Bolshevik Revolution of October 1917, the founder of the Soviet “Red Army,” and second only to Vladimir Lenin as a Bolshevik leader and Marxist theoretician. Between late 1917 and c .1923, however, Trotsky and the other co‐founders of the Soviet regime were jointly responsible for the execution of about 200,000 members of rival political and military movements (mostly supporters of rival socialist parties), for massive draconian food requisitioning and militarization of labor, and for plunging the former Russian Empire into a civil war which cost between 8 and 12 million lives. In these capacities and as the most prominent Jew in the Bolshevik regime, Trotsky aroused widespread (often anti‐Semitic) loathing. Nevertheless, during the 1920s and 1930s Trotsky became one of the most coherent and pragmatic advocates of a mixed Soviet economy, conciliatory policies toward independent peasant farmers and small private businesses, partial economic planning, and maximizing the benefits to be obtained from exporting primary commodities (primarily oil, grain, and timber products) to finance imports of the machinery, equipment, investment, and technological know‐how needed to rapidly modernize the Soviet economy. He also became the most incisive and influential Marxist critic of the brutal, coercive, and autarkic industrialization and rural collectivization policies and the increasingly deformed, bureaucratic, hierarchical, and totalitarian police state presided over by his arch‐rival Jozef Stalin, who exiled Trotsky to Turkey in 1929 and had him murdered in Mexico in 1940. Numerous members of Trotsky's family were also murdered by Stalin's regime." @default.
- W4244550488 created "2022-05-12" @default.
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- W4244550488 date "2017-12-04" @default.
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- W4244550488 title "<scp>T</scp> rotsky, <scp>L</scp> eon" @default.
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- W4244550488 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118430873.est0541" @default.
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