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- W4245457551 abstract "Seismic waves are of great value for investigating Earth's interior. Through their use we can discover how heterogeneous and anisotropic the globe is. Elastic anisotropy influences the propagation of seismic waves. To be anisotropic, rocks should have minerals or fluid filled fractures oriented in a fabric. Wavespeed and scattering depend on the azimuth of propagation; these variations align with the anisotropic fabric of the rock. The presence of parallel, aligned, fluid-filled fractures or microcracks is considered to be the main cause of anisotropy in the crust. Preferred orientation of olivine is the main cause of anisotropy in the upper mantle. Deeper Earth layers, such as lower-mantle D″ and the inner core, show strong anisotropy which can be related to preferred-orientation of fluid inclusions or preferred orientation of minerals. The observations of elastic anisotropy depend on two types of wave-propagation behavior. One type involves the directional dependence of seismic wavespeed. The other type involves scattering effects that either modify the amplitude of a seismic wave, distort its waveform, or generate a new wave. Several seismological techniques are used to investigate and enhance seismic anisotropy. In particular, shear waves suffer birefringence in anisotropic media, as a consequence of having, for any single propagation direction, two distinct polarizations. This phenomenon, known as shear-wave splitting, is commonly used to detect strain and stress fields at different scales, rock properties, and fluid flow at depth. In particular, splitting characterizes the fracture-network fabric in the upper crust and can help understand subduction-system dynamics at mantle depths." @default.
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- W4245457551 date "2021-01-01" @default.
- W4245457551 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W4245457551 title "Seismic Anisotropy" @default.
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- W4245457551 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102908-4.00156-9" @default.
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