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- W4245800668 abstract "David Lincicum, Ruth Sheridan, and Charles M. Stang have compiled and edited an interesting collection of 11 essays on the unresolved tensions between law and lawlessness in the formative centuries of postbiblical Judaism and early Christianity. These essays were originally presented at the “Lautenschlaeger Colloquium on Law and Lawlessness in early Judaism and Christianity,” which met at Mansfield College, Oxford, August 5–7, 2015. The aim of the essays is “to bring to the fore the legalistic and antinomian dimensions in both traditions, with a variety of contributions that examine the formative centuries of these two great religions and their legal traditions. They explore how law and lawlessness are in tension throughout this early, formative period, and not finally resolved in one direction or the other” (p. 1). The volume has three indexes: ancient sources, authors, and subjects.The first two essays address aspects of postbiblical Judaism. Lutz Doering of the University of Münster surveys “Law and Lawlessness in Texts from Qumran” (pp. 8–27). He maintains that law-abiding permeates the Qumran documents. The community conceptualized lawlessness in differing ways, such as the historic lawlessness of Israel, the dangers of (re)lapse of group members into it, and its expression among various contemporaries. Lawlessness serves largely as a means of “othering” and strengthens group identity. Grant Macaskill of the University of Aberdeen next examines “Law and Lawlessness in the Enoch Literature” (pp. 28–47). He cautions that silence regarding the law in early 1 Enoch material does not necessarily imply a polemical attitude. The clearly Jewish books of 1 Enoch imply a favorable view of the law, but one set in the context of a soteriology that prioritizes divine mercy and forgiveness, and law-related righteousness is possible only by the gift of divine wisdom. 2 Enoch, by contrast, exhibits a stark moralism, with no place for forgiveness and restoration.Essays 3, 4, and 5 relate to Paul and Hebrews. Joshua D. Garroway of Hebrew Union College addresses “Paul: Within Judaism, Without Law” (pp. 49–66). Paul exhibits a deep commitment to Jewish theological priorities and a radically antinomian vision of Judaism. Garroway compares Paul to the German rabbi Samuel Holdheim (1806–60), founder of radical Reform Judaism. Holdheim offers contemporaries a way to think about Paul being “within Judaism,” while at the same time being critical of the Law and its ongoing validity for both Gentiles and Jews. Paula Fredriksen of Boston University compares “Origen and Augustine on Paul and the Law” (pp. 67–87). The rival theology of Marcion influenced their approach to Paul. Hence, both posited a lawful Paul over against a lawless one. Despite their different theological emphases, both thinkers maintained that Paul continued to live as a Jew. In the fifth essay, David M. Moffitt of the University of St. Andrews contributes “Weak and Useless? Purity, the Mosaic Law, and Perfection in Hebrews” (pp. 89–103). The author’s concerns over perfection, purity, and resurrection suggest that a ritual purity as detailed in the Law is foundational for his Christology and soteriology. The author’s polemic is against viewing the Law in absolute or eternal terms.Essays 6 and 7 cover patristic themes. Coeditor David Lincicum examines “Against the Law: Early Christian Law Criticism and the Epistle of Barnabas” (pp. 105–21). Four early Christian critiques of torah observance are evident in early Christianity (Halakhic disputes, salvation-historical, criticisms of elements of the Law itself, and hermeneutical). Barnabas’s critique is hermeneutical. By drawing on prophetic critique, he simultaneously holds to the eternal validity of the law, while denying its practical relevance. In the seventh essay, “The Ancient Church Orders: Early Ecclesiastical Law?” (pp. 123–33), Paul F. Bradshaw of the University of Notre Dame surveys a wide range of texts from the Didache to the Apostolic Constitutions, suggesting that the oldest strata reflect genuine rules, while the later are attempts to reimagine the past.Essays 8 and 9 focus on rabbinic topics. Steven D. Fraade of Yale University considers “Rabbis on Gentile Lawlessness: Three Midrashic Moments” (pp. 134–55). He sees ambivalence in postbiblical and rabbinic texts concerning non-Israelite nations. Israel was differentiated from lawless nations not only in its possession of the written torah but even more so by its oral torah. Michal Bar-Asher Siegal of Ben Gurion University examines “Law Corpora Compared: Early Collections of Monastic Rules and Rabbinic Literature” (pp. 157–71). She compares regulations and rules from the Babylonian Talmud and monastic works (Asketikon of St. Basil and the Rule of Pachomius) to show the potential of this comparison as a future endeavor.In the final two essays, Christopher Rowland of the University of Oxford contributes “‘By an Immediate Revelation . . . By the Voice of His Own Spirit to My Soul’: A Perspective from Reception History on the New Testament and Antinomianism” (pp. 173–92). He describes lawlessness as a mode of understanding and engaging with the divine that relativizes the position of the law. Anne Hutchinson, William Blake, and others serve as examples. He also briefly surveys antinomian themes in the NT. Last, Michael Peppard of Fordham University considers “Law and Liberty: Circumcision Discourse from Galatia to Germany” (pp. 193–214). He examines the tensions between law and liberty, especially as it relates to bodily circumcision stemming from religious motivations, against the backdrop of a legal case and 2012 ruling in Cologne, Germany.In the closing paragraph of the introduction, the editors observe that the collective essays of the volume demonstrate that more light can still be shed on the Torah’s reception in early Judaism and Christianity, a reception they describe as “variegated and complex, resisting easy resolution or sweeping characterization.” “Legal traditions,” moreover, “sit alongside impulses to criticize, limit, suspend, or transcend the Torah in fascinating juxtaposition” (p. 8). The wide-ranging mix of essays in this volume bears them out." @default.
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- W4245800668 title "Law and Lawlessness in Early Judaism and Early Christianity" @default.
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