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• W4245907844 abstract "Event Abstract Back to Event Fatty acids, cytokines and chemokines profile in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) from tuberculosis patients Sergio F. Mosquera-Restrepo1, Ana C. Caro-Zapata2, Carlos A. Pelaez-Jaramillo2 and Mauricio Rojas3* 1 Universidad de Antioquia, Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Colombia 2 Universidad de Antioquia, Grupo Interdisciplinario de Estudios Moleculares (GIEM), Departamento de Quimica, Colombia 3 Universidad de Antioquia, Unidad de Citometría de Flujo., Colombia Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) remains as a one of the major public health worldwide problem. It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and although it is able to infect any organ or tissue at the organism, it prefers those with high oxygen tension like the lungs. The patients with pulmonary TB are diagnosed depending upon the bacterial detection. When the bacteria is detected by sputum microscopy, they are called smear positive; but when the bacteria cannot be detected and the clinical and the epidemiological evidence suggest TB, they are called smear negative. Children can also develop TB and almost all of them are smear negative patients due the inability to expectorate. Although, these three groups of patients may suffer pulmonary TB, the symptoms, the immune response and the inflammatory process might be different. However, due to the difficulties to get samples from the lung, most of the pulmonary events during active TB are not known how they exactly occur, becoming more difficult the control and follow-up the disease. Our previous in vitro approaches, using macrophages derived monocytes, indicated that both the stage of differentiation and the infection by itself affected the fatty acids, cytokines and chemokines profiles of the cells and the fatty acids that cells released to the extracellular milieu during the infection and differentiation. Mononuclear phagocytes cells infected with Mtb had higher relative amounts of oleate, linolenate and arachidonate and decreased relative amounts of stearate, palmitate and saturation index compared with non-infected ones. The levels of cytokines and chemokines such as TNF-alpha, MCP-1, IL-1-beta and IL-10 also increased in infected cells. To improve our knowledge about the local immune response to Mtb, fatty acids, cytokines and chemokines coming out from the lung environment from TB patients were detected in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC). The EBC is considered to be a representative sample of the lower airways that it is easy, cheap, not uncomfortable and it do not need specialized personnel to be obtained. Objective To analyze the fatty acids, cytokines and chemokines profile from EBC of healthy adults, smear positive and smear negative patients and of healthy, asthmatic and children with TB at the beginning and during the follow-up. Materials and Methods The EBC, from the above mentioned groups of individuals were collected, condensed at -20ºC and used to detect cytokines and chemokines by LUMINEX. Another EBC fraction was freeze-dried and used to detect fatty acid derivatives: laureate myristate, palmitate, stearate, oleate, linoleate, linolenate and arachidonate by gas chromatography; additionally, we calculated the saturation index (the sum of all saturated fatty acids divided by the sum of all unsaturated fatty acids). EBC with amylase positive test were excluyed. The smear positive, smear negative patients and children with TB were followed-up and their new EBCs were obtained at 3, 6 and 12 months after the beginning of the anti-TB treatment. Results Based on the profiles of fatty acids, cytokines and chemokines from EBC, it was possible to discriminate TB patients from healthy controls. Compared with healthy controls, EBC from smear positive and smear negative adult patients presented higher relatives amounts of oleate, linoleate and linolenate and less relative amounts of myristate, stearate and they had lower saturation index. In the EBC from smear positive and smear negative adult patients we observed higher levels of IL-10 and MCP-1 compared with healthy controls. IL-17 was only detected in the EBC from smear negative adult patients. During follow-up we observed that the relative amounts of myristate, palmitate and the saturation index in EBC from smear positive and smear negative patients become comparable to EBC from healthy controls; oleate decreased and stearate, linoleate and linolenate did not change in the EBC from the smear positive patients. In EBC from the smear negative patients we observed that relative amounts of palmitate, stearate, linolenate and the saturation index increased; oleate decreased, arachidonate increased at third month but decreased completely at sixth month and the relative amounts of linoleate did not change during anti-TB treatment. Levels of the IL-10 did not change but levels of MCP-1 decreased in the EBC from smear positive patients; levels of IL-10, IL-17 and MCP-1 decreased and IL-8 increased during follow-up in the EBC from smear negative adult patients. The EBC from children with TB presented higher relative amounts of stearate, oleate, linolenate and arachidonate and less relative amount of palmitate, and saturation index compared with EBC from healthy children. Levels of IL-10, IL8, IP-10, MCP-1 and RANTES were higher in EBC from children with TB than EBC from healthy partners. During anti-TB treatment, in EBC from children with TB, increased the relative amounts of stearate, oleate, linolenate and arachidonate decreased and the relative amounts of palmitate and the saturation index. Similarly, the levels of IL-10, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1 and RANTES decreased but levels of TNF-alpha were detected only at the twelfth month of the follow-up. Discussion The analysis of the EBC made evident that the lung environment of tuberculosis patients is different from healthy controls; as well as the environment of smear negative patients and TB children suggesting that the immune response developed by them has specific particularities. The adults with TB presented comparable fatty acids profile from EBC, but the cytokines production was different. To note, the levels of MCP-1 were higher in smear negative patients and IL-17 was only detected in the same group. The EBC profiles of fatty acids, cytokines and chemokines from children with TB were different to the profile of adults with TB. These three groups of individuals had a common characteristic: saturation index lower compared with healthy controls. Different reports indicate that unsaturated fatty acids as oleic, linoleic or linolenic can decrease pro-inflammatory functions of macrophages, lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Mtb can also change the host lipid metabolism. In vitro, our Group reported that mononuclear phagocytes infected with Mtb change their fatty acids, decreasing the saturation index compared with non-infected ones. Interestingly, the saturation index increased with anti-TB treatment in all TB patients, it suggests that TB disease was the cause for that profile. With these results and the literature reports, we suggest that during infection, Mtb manipulates the host lipid metabolism increasing the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids at the pulmonary environment; this environment facilitates its own survival inside the host. We do not know yet how Mtb achieves that effect, but these results make evident to us a new point of view about local inflammation developed in TB patients. Conclusion We found that TB patients can be discriminated of healthy controls by evaluating the profile of the fatty acids, cytokines and chemokines from EBC. These results allow us to emphasize the differences due to the inflammatory environment developed at the lung from smear positive, smear negative patients and children with TB. To note, all TB groups presented in EBC a lower saturation index compared with EBC from healthy controls. IL-10 and MCP-1 were increased in the EBC from TB groups; IL-17 was only detected in smear negative patients and IL-8 was higher in children with tuberculosis. With the anti-TB treatment, the fatty acids, cytokines and chemokines profile in EBC from TB groups changed to be comparable to the healthy controls, suggesting that the initial profile was due to TB disease. Acknowledgements Funded by COLCIENCIAS code: 1115-4592-1439 and CODI 01532 Keywords: Tuberculosis, exhaled breath condensate, Chemokines, Children, Cytokines Conference: IMMUNOCOLOMBIA2015 - 11th Congress of the Latin American Association of Immunology - 10o. Congreso de la Asociación Colombiana de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología, Medellin, Colombia, 13 Oct - 16 Oct, 2015. Presentation Type: Oral Presentation Topic: Innate Immunity Citation: Mosquera-Restrepo SF, Caro-Zapata AC, Pelaez-Jaramillo CA and Rojas M (2015). Fatty acids, cytokines and chemokines profile in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) from tuberculosis patients. Front. Immunol. Conference Abstract: IMMUNOCOLOMBIA2015 - 11th Congress of the Latin American Association of Immunology - 10o. Congreso de la Asociación Colombiana de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología. doi: 10.3389/conf.fimmu.2015.05.00301 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 05 May 2015; Published Online: 15 Sep 2015. * Correspondence: Prof. Mauricio Rojas, Universidad de Antioquia, Unidad de Citometría de Flujo., Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia, mauricio.rojas@udea.edu.co Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Sergio F Mosquera-Restrepo Ana C Caro-Zapata Carlos A Pelaez-Jaramillo Mauricio Rojas Google Sergio F Mosquera-Restrepo Ana C Caro-Zapata Carlos A Pelaez-Jaramillo Mauricio Rojas Google Scholar Sergio F Mosquera-Restrepo Ana C Caro-Zapata Carlos A Pelaez-Jaramillo Mauricio Rojas PubMed Sergio F Mosquera-Restrepo Ana C Caro-Zapata Carlos A Pelaez-Jaramillo Mauricio Rojas Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page." @default.
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