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• W4246347706 abstract "<strong class=journal-contentHeaderColor>Abstract.</strong> <span id=page138/>Tropical rivers emit large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO<span class=inline-formula>₂</span>) to the atmosphere, in particular due to large wetland-to-river carbon (C) inputs. Yet, tropical African rivers remain largely understudied, and little is known about the partitioning of C sources between wetland and well-drained ecosystems to rivers. In a first-order sub-catchment (0.6 km<span class=inline-formula>²</span>) of the Nyong watershed (Cameroon 27 800 km<span class=inline-formula>²</span>), we fortnightly measured C in all forms and ancillary parameters in groundwater in a well-drained forest (hereafter referred to as non-flooded forest groundwater) and in the stream. In the first-order catchment, the simple land use shared between wetland and well-drained forest, together with drainage data, allowed the partitioning of C sources between wetland and well-drained ecosystems to the stream. Also, we fortnightly measured dissolved and particulate C downstream of the first-order stream to the main stem of order 6, and we supplemented C measurements with measures of heterotrophic respiration in stream orders 1 and 5. In the first-order stream, dissolved organic and inorganic C and particulate organic C (POC) concentrations increased during rainy seasons when the hydrological connectivity with the riparian wetland increased, whereas the concentrations of the same parameters decreased during dry seasons when the wetland was shrinking. In larger streams (order <span class=inline-formula>></span> 1), the same seasonality was observed, showing that wetlands in headwaters were significant sources of organic and inorganic C for downstream rivers, even though higher POC concentration evidenced an additional source of POC in larger streams during rainy seasons that was most likely POC originating from floating macrophytes. During rainy seasons, the seasonal flush of organic matter from the wetland in the first-order catchment and from the macrophytes in higher-order rivers significantly affected downstream metabolism, as evidenced by higher respiration rates in stream order 5 (756 <span class=inline-formula>±</span> 333 gC-CO<span class=inline-formula>₂</span> m<span class=inline-formula>^−2</span> yr<span class=inline-formula>^−1)</span> compared to stream 1 (286 <span class=inline-formula>±</span> 228 gC-CO<span class=inline-formula>₂</span> m<span class=inline-formula>^−2</span> yr<span class=inline-formula>^−1)</span>. In the first-order catchment, the sum of the C hydrologically exported from non-flooded forest groundwater (6.2 <span class=inline-formula>±</span> 3.0 MgC yr<span class=inline-formula>^−1)</span> and wetland (4.0 <span class=inline-formula>±</span> 1.5 MgC yr<span class=inline-formula>^−1)</span> to the stream represented 3 %–5 % of the local catchment net C sink. In the first-order catchment, non-flooded forest groundwater exported 1.6 times more C than wetland; however, when weighed by surface area, C inputs from non-flooded forest groundwater and wetland to the stream contributed to 27 % (13.0 <span class=inline-formula>±</span> 6.2 MgC yr<span class=inline-formula>^−1)</span> and 73 % (33.0 <span class=inline-formula>±</span> 12.4 MgC yr<span class=inline-formula>^−1)</span> of the total hydrological C inputs, respectively. At the Nyong watershed scale, the yearly integrated CO<span class=inline-formula>₂</span> degassing from the entire river network was 652 <span class=inline-formula>±</span> 161 GgC-CO<span class=inline-formula>₂</span> yr<span class=inline-formula>^−1</span> (23.4 <span class=inline-formula>±</span> 5.8 MgC CO<span class=inline-formula>₂</span> km<span class=inline-formula>^−2</span> yr<span class=inline-formula>^−1</span> when weighed by the Nyong watershed surface area), whereas average heterotrophic respiration in the river and CO<span class=inline-formula>₂</span> degassing rates was 521 <span class=inline-formula>±</span> 403 and 5085 <span class=inline-formula>±</span> 2544 gC-CO<span class=inline-formula>₂</span> m<span class=inline-formula>^−2</span> yr<span class=inline-formula>^−1</span>, which implied that only <span class=inline-formula>∼</span> 10 % of the CO<span class=inline-formula>₂</span> degassing at the water–air interface was supported by heterotrophic respiration in the river. In addition, the total fluvial C export to the ocean of 191 <span class=inline-formula>±</span> 108 GgC yr<span class=inline-formula>^−1</span> (10.3 <span class=inline-formula>±</span> 5.8 MgC km<span class=inline-formula>^−2</span> yr<span class=inline-formula>^−1</span> when weighed by the Nyong watershed surface area) plus the yearly integrated CO<span class=inline-formula>₂</span> degassing from the entire river network represented <span class=inline-formula>∼</span> 11 % of the net C sink estimated for the whole Nyong watershed. In tropical watersheds, we show that wetlands largely influence riverine C variations and budget. Thus, ignoring the river–wetland connectivity might lead to the misrepresentation of C dynamics in tropical watersheds." @default.
• W4246347706 created "2022-05-12" @default.
• W4246347706 date "2021-05-09" @default.
• W4246347706 modified "2023-10-06" @default.
• W4246347706 title "Comment on bg-2021-69" @default.
• W4246347706 doi "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2021-69-rc1" @default.
• W4246347706 hasPublicationYear "2021" @default.
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