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- W4246970429 abstract "Routine childhood immunization has had a substantial impact on pediatric morbidity and mortality globally. However, owing to suboptimal immune responses to vaccines in very young infants, immunization schedules do not begin until infants are at least two months of age (six weeks of age in countries following the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Expanded Program on Immunization [EPI] schedule). Thus, the youngest infants are unable to benefit from the protective effects of routine vaccines. These infants are also the most vulnerable to complications and death due to many vaccine-preventable diseases. Immunization in pregnancy, often referred to as maternal immunization, has emerged as a promising strategy to address this gap. This immunization strategy takes advantage of the normal transplacental transfer of antibodies from mother to fetus during pregnancy (as well as to the infant through breast milk in the postpartum period) to confer passive immunity to young infants through maternally derived vaccine-induced antibodies. In addition, because pregnant women are at higher risk of complications due to certain infectious diseases that are or may be vaccine-preventable, maternal immunization is increasingly recognized as an essential component of routine antenatal care. Widespread programmatic use of immunization in pregnancy began with the inclusion of maternal tetanus toxoid vaccination in the WHO’s Expanded Program on Immunization in the 1970s. Since then, immunization of pregnant women against influenza and pertussis has now also become routine in many countries, and vaccines against other important pathogens in infancy (e.g., respiratory syncytial virus and group B Streptococcus) that may be prioritized for use in pregnancy are in development. Indeed, with increased recognition of the substantial burden of potentially vaccine-preventable diseases in pregnant women and infants, the potential public health benefits of maternal immunization could be enormous. Maternal immunization has thus grown into a field at the leading edge of vaccinology. This article highlights research that has examined a broad range of questions pertaining to immunization in pregnancy, including the immunology of pregnancy; the epidemiology of vaccine-preventable diseases in pregnant women and young infants; the clinical efficacy and safety of vaccines currently used in pregnancy; issues related to vaccine acceptance, policy, and implementation; and maternal vaccines on the horizon." @default.
- W4246970429 created "2022-05-12" @default.
- W4246970429 creator A5013550134 @default.
- W4246970429 date "2019-11-26" @default.
- W4246970429 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W4246970429 title "Immunization in Pregnancy" @default.
- W4246970429 doi "https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780199756797-0195" @default.
- W4246970429 hasPublicationYear "2019" @default.
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