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- W4246979903 abstract "Abstract The Safavid Empire (1501–1736) ruled over greater Iran and fought over the control of eastern Anatolia, Iraq, and the Caucasus (present republics of Azerbaijan, Armenia, and parts of Georgia) with the Ottoman Empire. The Safavids also tried to extend their rule into greater Khurasan and Central Asia. Religion and millenarian social movements in Anatolia played an important role in the rise of the Safavids to power after the disintegration of Aqquyunlu Iran in the late 15th century. The Safavids established Twelver Shi‘ism as the official religion of Iran and forcefully converted its predominantly Sunni population to Shi‘ism. This was a significant historical event that divided the Middle East into two camps between the Sunni Ottomans and the Shi‘ite Safavids, who fought for almost two hundred years over the control of borderlands and Islamic leadership. As a result of constant clashes, each state also became less tolerant of its Muslim minorities at times of heightened political conflict and war. The Safavids succeeded in making Iran a majority Shi‘ite country and spreading their influence into Iraq, Lebanon, eastern Anatolia, Herat, and parts of the Caucasus, while the Ottomans conquered Mamluk Egypt, Syria, and Arabia. The Safavids forged an alliance with Catholic Europe, Portugal, Venice, and the Habsburg Empire, which saw an affinity between Catholicism and Shi‘ism against the Ottomans. Tribal resurgence, economic decline due to continued wars with the Ottomans, and religious tensions led to the disintegration of the Safavid Empire. The Sunni Afghan tribes (former Safavid vassals) occupied Iran in 1721, and the Ottomans moved into western Iran in 1724. The Ottomans reached an agreement with Peter the Great of Russia to divide northern Iran and the provinces in the Caucasus among themselves while the Afghans occupied the rest of Iran." @default.
- W4246979903 created "2022-05-12" @default.
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- W4246979903 date "2016-01-11" @default.
- W4246979903 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W4246979903 title "Safavid Empire" @default.
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- W4246979903 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe359" @default.
- W4246979903 hasPublicationYear "2016" @default.
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