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• W4247445192 abstract "Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by the trematodes Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium, S. japonicum, and S. intercalatum. Infection is focally widespread in most of Africa, Southeast Asia, and parts of South America, with approximately 200 million people infected, most of whom live in sub-Saharan Africa. Adult schistosomes live in intestinal or vesicular vessels, mate, and produce eggs that migrate through the intestinal or bladder mucosa into stool or urine. When deposited in freshwater they hatch and release primary larvae, miracidiae, that infect snails in which asexual amplification leads to the secondary larval form, cercariae. When these leave the snail, they penetrate human skin when exposed in freshwater, causing a cercarial dermatitis in some hosts. In endemic areas, large numbers of people can be infected, especially children. Many infections cause no or non-specific disease but can have morbidity on well-being and school performance. Acute schistosomiasis (Katayama's fever) may occur a few weeks after exposure and is caused by host reaction to migration of developing larvae. Chronic schistosomiasis occurs after years of infection and is caused by cellular immunity and fibrosis in reaction to tissue ova. S. mansoni and S. japonicum primarily cause intestinal and hepatic pathology; S. haematobium primarily damages the urinary tract. Diagnosis is based on microscopic detection of ova, serology, or imaging; molecular diagnosis is useful where available. Praziquantel is safe, inexpensive, and effective oral therapy; light residual infections can persist, and in endemic areas, reinfection is frequent. Retreatment may be necessary. Mass drug administration with a focus on school children has reduced prevalence and morbidity. Sanitation and clean water supply remain key to break the transmission cycle." @default.
• W4247445192 created "2022-05-12" @default.
• W4247445192 creator A5079627538 @default.
• W4247445192 date "2020-01-01" @default.
• W4247445192 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W4247445192 title "Schistosomiasis" @default.
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• W4247445192 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-55512-8.00126-5" @default.
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