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- W4247481388 abstract "Introduction A ‘state of the art’ report is intended to set the scene for following papers and discussion. It seeks to record what progress has already been achieved towards a broad objective. This objective must first be defined so that we can see how relevant progress is and get current developments into perspective. Objective There is, of course, no generally agreed objective for this work written down concisely in well considered terms; but there is, I believe, now a concensus emerging as to what it is. Before the first industrial revolution, such manufacturing industry as existed was craft-based. It was carried on in small units and its output was strictly limited by the low consumer power of the general population. Available energy was largely limited to the muscle power of men and domestic animals and most of this was used up in the struggle to exist. The industrial revolution made power available in ever-increasing quantities. From James W att’s invention of the separate condenser (which we can perhaps accept as marking its date) to the present day covers a span of only 200 years. During this time industrial units have become very large and complex; craft industries and their associated guilds have given way to mass production factories and monolothic trade unions; and the gross domestic product of Britain, for example, has risen over a thousand times in real terms." @default.
- W4247481388 created "2022-05-12" @default.
- W4247481388 date "1971-02-09" @default.
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- W4247481388 title "State of the art" @default.
- W4247481388 doi "https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1971.0020" @default.
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