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- W4247506493 abstract "The substantial medical risks of heavy alcohol drinking as well as the presence of a less harmful or safe drinking limit have been evident for centuries. Defined as ≥3 standard-sized drinks per day, heavy drinking has both cardiovascular (CV) and non-CV risks. Increased CV risks of such intake include (1) alcoholic cardiomyopathy, (2) systemic hypertension (HTN), (3) atrial arrhythmias, and (4) hemorrhagic stroke. Modern epidemiology studies suggest lowered risk of morbidity and mortality among light-moderate drinkers, due mostly to lower risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), with contributions from ischemic stroke and heart failure. Except for hemorrhagic stroke, lighter drinking is not clearly related to increased risk of any cardiovascular condition. A protective hypothesis for CAD is supported by evidence for plausible biological mechanisms attributable to ethyl alcohol; mechanisms for other alcohol-CV associations remain unclear. Interrelationships among the various CV conditions affect the alcohol relationships; e.g., lower CAD risk in light-moderate drinkers is probably responsible for the lower heart failure risk. International comparison data and the presence of nonalcohol, potentially beneficial components in wine (especially red) support possible extra protection by wine, but confounding by a healthier pattern of drinking or more favorable risk traits in wine drinkers is probably involved. Debate persists about methodological issues in alcohol epidemiology and public health aspects. We feel that all heavy alcohol drinkers should reduce or quit drinking; but advice for others needs to be individualized.KeywordsAlcohol drinkingCardiovascular diseasesPreventionEpidemiologyHypertensionCoronary artery diseaseCardiomyopathyStrokeAlcohol counselingUnderreporting alcohol" @default.
- W4247506493 created "2022-05-12" @default.
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- W4247506493 date "2020-12-22" @default.
- W4247506493 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W4247506493 title "Alcohol and Cardiovascular Diseases" @default.
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- W4247506493 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56279-3_9" @default.
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