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- W4248305953 abstract "Overweight and obesity conditions are becoming increasingly pervasive in the community with far-reaching health consequences. The respiratory system is susceptible to clinically significant dysfunction that is interactively manifested during wakefulness and sleep. In general, pulmonary mechanics assessed during wakefulness in overweight/obese individuals reflects a restrictive pattern with the greatest impact in those with greater obesity and as the body habitus displays a more central distribution of adiposity. This observation notwithstanding, other etiologies should be excluded before attributing pulmonary restriction to obesity. Overweight/obesity-related alterations in lung volumes may also be associated with systemic hypoxemia due to breathing below the closing volume of small airways and ventilation/perfusion inhomogeneity. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an association between overweight/obese conditions and asthma. However, whether or not overweight/obesity increases bronchial hyperresponsiveness remains controversial. Obesity may also indirectly promote nocturnal asthma by predisposing individuals to gastroesophageal reflux. Increased body mass index (BMI) is a major risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea (OSAH) and this represents another pathway through which overweight/obese conditions contribute to cardiovascular disease and possibly type 2 diabetes mellitus. Importantly, sufficient weight reduction often results in marked improvement in OSAH. Greater degrees of obesity may, in some individuals, be associated with hypoventilation with or without concomitant OSAH as well as increased risk for pulmonary artery hypertension and cor pulmonale. Obesity-hypoventilation may initially be evident during sleep and then extend into wakefulness. A high index of suspicion is needed to diagnose nocturnal obesity-hypoventilation in order to initiate noninvasive positive pressure therapy in the short term and reinforce the need for long-term weight reduction through either medical or surgical intervention." @default.
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- W4248305953 date "2006-01-01" @default.
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- W4248305953 title "OBESITY" @default.
- W4248305953 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-370879-6/00268-4" @default.
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