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• W4248349954 abstract "Steric stabilization is a generic term that embraces all aspects of the stabilization of colloidal particles by nonionic macromolecules. The technological exploitation of steric stabilization dates back at least 4000 years to the preparation in ancient Egypt of fresco paints and inks. Despite this long history, the mechanisms whereby polymers impart stability have only been recognized in the past two decades. Three types of experiment have proved useful in discriminating between the various competing theories of steric stabilization. These are studies of incipient flocculation, measurements of the repulsive interactions between stable particles, and stability in polymer melts. Experiments suggest that two separate regions of close approach must be distinguished: the interpenetration domain (characterized by an interparticle separation of between one and two contour lengths of the stabilizer chains) and the interpenetration plus compression domain, which is entered on even closer approach. Particle interactions in the interpenetrational region arise primarily from the mixing of segments and solvent; the elastic interactions are negligible. This mixing term is evaluated in the first generation theories via the Flory-Huggins theory. It may be positive or negative. As compression occurs on closer approach, the elastic contributions also become significant. These may be evaluated by statistical thermodynamics and are always positive. The foregoing concepts correctly predict the observed practical limit to stability, which is the attainment of theta-conditions for the stabilizing chains. Except for very short chains, the van der Waals attraction is rarely important in determining stabilization by polymers. Stabilization in polymer melts, however, arises primarily from elastic effects so that for these systems van der Waals forces become the major source of attraction. Elastic contributions increase abruptly, even under incipient flocculation conditions; consequently, Brownian collisions sample primarily the interpenetrational domain. The distance dependence of the repulsion between stable particles can be predicted with a fair degree of success." @default.
• W4248349954 created "2022-05-12" @default.
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• W4248349954 date "1977-02-01" @default.
• W4248349954 modified "2023-10-13" @default.
• W4248349954 title "Steric stabilization" @default.
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• W4248349954 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(77)90150-3" @default.
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