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- W4248784476 abstract "A. MERSMANN, C. HEYER, AND A. EBLE Technische Universita¨t Mu¨nchen, Garching, GermanyCrystals are created when nuclei are formed and then grow. The kineticprocesses of nucleation and crystal growth require supersaturation, whichcan generally be obtained by a change in temperature (cooling in the case ofa positive gradient dC=d# of the solubility curve or heating in the case of a negative gradient), by removing the solvent (usually by evaporation), or byadding a drowning-out agent or reaction partners. The system then attemptsto achieve thermodynamic equilibrium through nucleation and the growthof nuclei. If a solution contains neither solid foreign particles nor crystals ofits own type, nuclei can be formed only by homogeneous nucleation. If for-eign particles are present, nucleation is facilitated and the process is knownas heterogeneous nucleation. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous nuclea-tion take place in the absence of solution-own crystals and are collectivelyknown as primary nucleation. This occurs when a specific supersaturation,known as the metastable supersaturation Cmet, is obtained in the system.However, in semicommercial and industrial crystallizers, it has often beenobserved that nuclei occur even at a very low supersaturation C < Cmet when solution-own crystals are present (e.g., in the form of attritionfragments or added seed crystals). Such nuclei are known as secondarynuclei. However, it should be noted that a distinction is made betweennucleation resulting from contact, shearing action, breakage, abrasion,and needle fraction (see Fig. 0.1). Figure 0.2 illustrates the dependence ofsupersaturation on several types of nucleation process plotted against solu-bility." @default.
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- W4248784476 date "2001-05-08" @default.
- W4248784476 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W4248784476 title "Agglomeration" @default.
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- W4248784476 doi "https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203908280-7" @default.
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